目的 评价Hcy代谢相关基因S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶基因(AHCY)、胱硫醚β合成酶基因(CBS)甲基化与脑梗死之间有无相关关系。方法 应用荧光定量甲基化特异性PCR(qMSP)检测研究对象外周血中AHCY、CBS基因甲基化水平,并分析其与脑梗死的相关关系。结果 (1)病例组AHCY甲基化水平为0.16% (0.07%,0.32%),对照组为0.25% (0.02%,0.67%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.115,Z=-1.577)。(2)病例组CBS甲基化水平70.20%(49.19%,94.87
Hcy代谢相关基因甲基化与脑梗死的相关关系
李晓东1) 段世伟2) 曲 坤3) 白宏英1) 肖健豪1) 袁 倩1) 王运良3)△
1) 郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科,河南 郑州 450014 2) 宁波大学医学院,浙江 宁波 315211 3) 中国人民解放军第148医院神经内科,山东 淄博 255300
作者简介:李晓东,Email:lixiaodong1220@126.com
△通信作者:王运良,Email:wangyunliang81@163.com
【摘要】 目的 评价Hcy代谢相关基因S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶基因(AHCY)、胱硫醚β合成酶基因(CBS)甲基化与脑梗死之间有无相关关系。方法 应用荧光定量甲基化特异性PCR(qMSP)检测研究对象外周血中AHCY、CBS基因甲基化水平,并分析其与脑梗死的相关关系。结果 (1)病例组AHCY甲基化水平为0.16% (0.07%,0.32%),对照组为0.25% (0.02%,0.67%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.115,Z=-1.577)。(2)病例组CBS甲基化水平70.20%(49.19%,94.87%),对照组为104.10%(74.65%,132.30%),差异有统计学意义(P=3.71E-10,Z=-6.266)。按性别、年龄进行亚组分析,CBS基因甲基化水平均低于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 AHCY基因甲基化与脑梗死发病不相关,而CBS基因低甲基化与脑梗死的发病相关。
【关键词】 脑梗死;DNA甲基化;同型半胱氨酸;S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶;胱硫醚β合成酶
【中图分类号】 R743.33 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1673-5110(2018)13-1424-07 DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.13.335
The relationship between Hcy metabolism related genes methylation and cerebral infarction
LI Xiaodong1),DUAN Shiwei2),QU Kun3),BAI Hongying1),XIAO Jianhao1),YUAN Qian1),WANG Yunliang1)
1) Department of Neurology,the Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450014,China;2) School of Medicine,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;3) Department of Neurology,the 148th of Hospital of PLA,Zibo 255330,China
【Abstract】 Objective In order to evaluate relationship of Hcy metabolism related genes the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase gene (AHCY) and cystathionine β-synthase gene (CBS) methylation levels with cerebral infarction.Methods AHCY,CBS methylation levels were measured in peripheral blood of subjects using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) method.We analyzed the correlation of AHCY,CBS methylation levels with cerebral infarction.Results (1) There was no significant difference of AHCY methylation in CI and paired normal controls (0.16%(0.07%,0.32%) versus 0.25% (0.02%,0.67%),P=0.115,Z=-1.577).(2)There was a significant difference of CBS promoter methylation levels in CI and paired normal controls (70.20% (49.19%,94.87%) versus 104.10% (74.65%,132.30%),P=3.71E-10,Z=-6.266).Subgroup analysis by gender and age showed that the methylation level of CBS was statistically lower in the case than that in control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Our study indicated that the methylation of the AHCY may be not related to cerebral infarction,and the hypomethylation of CBS promoter was associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction.
【Key words】 Cerebral infarction;DNA methylation;Hcy;AHCY;CBS
脑卒中是目前导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一[1-2],其中缺血性脑卒中(即脑梗死)占全部脑卒中的80%左右[3-4]。S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶(S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase,AHCY)、胱硫醚β合酶(cystathionine β synthase,CBS)是Hcy在体内代谢的关键酶之一,调节体内Hcy水平。研究表明,高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)为脑梗死新的独立危险因素[5-9]。脑梗死是一种复杂的疾病,受遗传和环境因素的共同作用[10-11]。表观遗传修饰被称为遗传学和环境的桥接因素[12],且有研究表明,脑梗死患者中有DNA甲基化的异常改变[13-14]。而目前国内外尚无AHCY、CBS基因甲基化与脑梗死的相关报道。因此,我们将从表观遗传学角度探讨AHCY、CBS甲基化水平与脑梗死的相关关系。
1 对象与方法
1.1 研究对象 选取2016-10—2017-04在解放军第148医院神经内科住院的152例脑梗死患者为病例组,均符合全国第4届脑血管病会议制定的诊断标准[15],并经颅脑CT或MRI确诊,无意识障碍且能配合医师进行体格检查,男112例,女40例,年龄23~88(60.37±12.02)岁;选取同期152例与脑梗死组性别、年龄相匹配的健康体检者为对照组,男112例,女40例,年龄30~90(60.45±12.23)岁。2组性别、年龄比较无显著差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。排除患有恶性肿瘤、神经系统退行性疾病、周围血管疾病或周围血管栓塞性疾病、血液病、严重肝肾疾病、内分泌代谢疾病、结核、结缔组织疾病等。本研究经本院伦理委员会批准,所有研究对象均知情同意。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 标本收集:采集清晨空腹外周静脉血2 mL,并加入EDTA抗凝管中,充分混匀,放入-80 ℃冰箱保存。收集研究对象的一般资料包括性别、年龄、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)等生化指标。
1.2.2 外周血DNA提取、亚硫酸氢盐修饰和荧光定量甲基化特异性PCR:用DNA提取试剂盒提取外周血DNA;用EZ DNA Methylation-Gold试剂盒对外周血DNA进行亚硫酸氢盐修饰。qMSP(SYBR green-based quantitative methylation-specific PCR)是采用甲基化特异性引物和荧光染料SYBR Green I 对目的基因进行定量,再以ACTB基因作为内参基因对样本间在模板量上的差异进行校正。甲基化特异性引物序列见表1。阳性对照为对健康人白细胞使用美国Thermo Scientifc公司甲基化转移酶和亚硫酸氢盐处理过的基因组DNA,空白对照为ddH2O。每次反应重复进行。DNA甲基化水平使用甲基化百分比参数(PMR)表示。
表1 AHCY、CBS基因甲基化特异性引物序列
Table 1 methylation specific primer sequences of AHCY and CBS genes
基因名 |
引物序列(5′-3′) |
产物大小 |
退火温度 |
AHCY-F |
GGTCGTAATCGGTTGTAG |
124 bp |
58 ℃ |
AHCY-R |
CAATTCCTATTCCCAAACTAAA |
|
|
CBS-F |
GGATGGAGTTATATTATGAAGGT |
93 bp |
56 ℃ |
CBS-R |
AACAATCTCGCTCAATCG |
|
|
ACTB-F(1) |
TGGTGATGGAGGAGGTTTAGTAAGT |
133 bp |
58 ℃ |
ACTB-R(1) |
AACCAATAAAACCTACTCCTCCCTTAA |
|
|
ACTB-F(2) |
GTGATGGAGGAGGTTTAGTAAGTT |
129 bp |
56 ℃ |
ACTB-R(2) |
CCAATAAAACCTACTCCTCCCTTAA |
|
|
注:F表示甲基化特异性上游引物,R表示甲基化特异性下游引物,(1)表示58 ℃时ACTB基因引物序列,(2)表示56 ℃时ACTB基因引物序列
1.3 统计学处理 统计数据的分析及绘图采用SPSS 17.0 和 Fireworks 8.0软件。计量资料采用One-sample kolmogrov-smirnov test 进行正态性检验,服从正态分布采用独立样本t检验,数据用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,不服从正态分布的计量资料采用非参数检验,数据用中位数(四分位数间距)表示。计数资料用样本量表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率检验。统计检验均为双侧检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 2组HHcy、Hcy水平比较 2组HHcy、Hcy水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。
表2 2组HHcy、Hcy水平比较
Table 2 2 groups of HHcy and Hcy levels
组别 |
HHcy(是/否) |
Hcy |
病例组 |
68/74△ |
1.18±0.23 |
对照组 |
42/62△ |
1.14±0.16 |
t/Z值 |
1.367 |
1.835 |
P值 |
0.242 |
0.068 b |
注:非正态分布的计量资料,b在Log转化后符合正态分布,用x±s表示,△表示存在缺失样本
2.2 2组AHCY、CBS甲基化水平 本文采用qMSP方法对病例组和对照组AHCY、CBS启动子区甲基化水平进行定量分析,并采用中位数(四分位间距)表示甲基化百分比参数(PMR)水平。病例组AHCY基因PMR水平为0.16%(0.07%,0.32%),对照组为0.25%(0.02%,0.67%)。如图1所示,病例组AHCY甲基化水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病例组CBS基因PMR水平为70.20%(49.19%,94.87%),对照组为104.10%(74.65%,132.30%)。病例组CBS甲基化水平显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见图2。
图1 病例组和对照组AHCY甲基化水平比较
Fig 1 Comparison of AHCY methylation level between case group and control group |
图2 病例组和对照组CBS甲基化水平比较
Fig 2 Comparison of CBS methylation level between case group and control group |
2.3 2组AHCY甲基化水平亚组分析 按性别进行亚组分析,结果表明病例组男性PMR水平低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),病例组女性PMR水平与健康对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。按年龄进行亚组分析,按照不同年龄将全部研究对象分为3组:青年组(≤44岁)、中年组(45~59岁)、老年组(≥60岁),结果显示青年组脑梗死患者PMR水平与对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05),而中年组和老年组脑梗死患者PMR水平与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
2.4 2组CBS甲基化水平亚组分析 按性别进行亚组分析,病例组男性、女性PMR水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。按年龄进行亚组分析,病例组青年组、中年组、老年组PMR水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4。
3 讨论
随着表观遗传学的发展,人类疾病与表观遗传学的研究成为热点,所以表观遗传修饰为脑梗死发病机制的研究提供了新的方向。表观遗传学可以使基因表达产生可遗传的改变,但DNA序列并不发生改变[16],致使基因发生选择性的表达或抑制[17-19]。而DNA甲基化是表观遗传学中研究最多的一种[20-21],其在调控基因表达中起重要作用[22-25]。DNA甲基化可以调节许多基因的表达,当DNA甲基化异常时将引起相关疾病的发生,如脑卒中[26-29]、心血管疾病[30-32]、肿瘤[33-39]、糖尿病[40-44]、阿尔茨海默病[45-48]、精神疾病[49-51]等。
表3 2组AHCY甲基化水平比较
Table 3 2 omparison of AHCY methylation levels
组别 |
性别 |
|
年龄 |
男 |
女 |
|
青年组 |
中年组 |
老年组 |
病例组 |
0.14(0.05,0.30) |
0.2(0.11,0.35) |
|
0.20±0.15 |
0.14(0.04,0.31) |
0.18(0.08,0.31) |
对照组 |
0.26(0.03,0.67) |
0.24(0.00,0.86) |
|
0.95±1.17 |
0.03(0,0.31) |
0.37(0.14,1.29) |
t/Z值 |
-2 |
-0.123 |
|
-2.107 |
-2.415 |
-3.537 |
P值 |
0.045 |
0.902 |
|
0.06 |
0.016 |
4.05E-04 |
表4 2组CBS甲基化水平比较
Table 4 2 comparison of CBS methylation levels
组别 |
性别 |
|
年龄 |
男 |
女 |
|
青年组 |
中年组 |
老年组 |
病例组 |
64.33(47.72,85.66) |
78.05(51.81,107.90) |
|
69.97±13.61 |
56.04(48.07,76.23) |
81.60(49.37,127.45) |
对照组 |
105.00(73.23,128.85) |
102.80(86.11,149.90) |
|
114.71±59.62 |
91.71(68.28,118.58) |
119.35(87.71,167.90) |
t/Z值 |
-5.562 |
-2.99 |
|
-2.636 |
-4.502 |
-3.648 |
P值 |
2.67E-08 |
0.003 |
|
0.015 |
6.74E-06 |
2.64E-04 |
正常空腹状态下,人血浆中Hcy浓度为5~15 μmol,当体内Hcy浓度过高时则会导致HHcy的发生。一项前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析发现,平均随访7.3 a后血清HHcy减少3 μmol/L,脑卒中患病风险降低24%[52]。另外,当人体内血浆Hcy升高5 μmol/L则脑梗死发病风险随之增加约59%(OR=1.59;95% CI:1.30~1.95);而Hcy降低3 μmol/L则脑梗死发病风险随之下降约24%(15%~33%)[53]。本文结果显示,HHcy、Hcy水平病例组与对照组比较均无显著差异,与以往研究结果不符[54-55],可能与药物干预、饮食(补充叶酸、维生素B12、B6等)、样本量较小及存在部分样本信息缺失有关。
AHCY位于第20号染色体,含10个外显子,编码S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶(AHCY)。AHCY可催化S-腺苷高半胱氨酸(SAH)可逆生成腺苷(Ado)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy),AHCY基因甲基化可能影响该酶的活性,使Hcy代谢障碍,引起HHcy。目前尚无AHCY基因甲基化与脑梗死的相关研究。本研究结果显示,病例组AHCY基因甲基化水平与对照组比较无显著差异,表明AHCY基因甲基化与脑卒中可能不存在相关关系。而亚组分析表明,男性脑梗死患者AHCY基因甲基化水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明AHCY基因甲基化可能与男性脑梗死患者发病相关。在不同年龄之间,中年组脑梗死患者AHCY基因甲基化程度高于对照组,而老年组AHCY基因甲基化程度低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示AHCY基因甲基化程度升高可能促使中年脑梗死患者发病,而AHCY基因甲基化程度减低可能与老年脑梗死发病相关。对比中年组与老年组AHCY基因甲基化水平与脑梗死患者的相关关系,结果存在分歧有待于进一步研究证实。综合分析表明,AHCY基因甲基化与脑卒中可能不存在相关关系,具体机制有待深入研究。
CBS是位于第21号染色体,含17个外显子,编码胱硫醚β合成酶(CBS)。CBS不可逆的催化Hcy生成半胱氨酸和α-酮丁酸。目前,脑卒中在CBS基因突变方面研究较多[56-61],基因突变致CBS活性降低,导致Hcy降解受阻,造成Hcy在血中蓄积而产生HHcy[62],而CBS基因甲基化和脑卒中的研究尚无报道。本研究结果显示,病例组CBS基因甲基化水平显著低于对照组,分析CBS基因低甲基化为脑梗死发病的危险因素。按性别、年龄进行亚组分析,病例组无论男性、女性、青年组、中年组、老年组CBS基因甲基化水平均低于对照组,亚组分析结果再次表明CBS基因启动子区低甲基化为脑梗死发病的危险因素。从上述结果分析,CBS基因低甲基化可能使CBS表达沉默,导致Hcy消耗减少,引起Hcy在体内异常蓄积形成HHcy,从而导致脑梗死的发生。综合分析表明,CBS基因低甲基化可能为脑梗死危险因素。
通过本研究发现,AHCY基因甲基化可能与脑梗死发病不相关,而CBS基因低甲基化与脑梗死发病相关。当前表观遗传学与肿瘤的相关研究较多,且在肿瘤的诊断、治疗方面取得了重要进展。虽然脑卒中在表观遗传学方面的研究还处于起步阶段,但随着研究的深入,表观遗传学在脑卒中治疗方面同样会发挥重要作用。所以,我们认为Hcy代谢通路相关酶基因启动子区甲基化与脑梗死相关研究对脑梗死的发病机制及诊治方面提供了很好的前景。
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(收稿2018-01-21 修回2018-04-17)
本文引用信息:李晓东,段世伟,曲坤,白宏英,肖健豪,袁倩,王运良.Hcy代谢相关基因甲基化与脑梗死的相关关系[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(13):1424-1430.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.13.335
Reference information:LI Xiaodong,DUAN Shiwei,QU Kun,BAI Hongying,XIAO Jianhao,YUAN Qian,WANG Yunliang.The relationship between Hcy metabolism related genes methylation and cerebral infarction[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2018,21(13):1424-1430.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.13.335