目的 研究康复疗法及针灸结合治疗脑卒中后遗症的疗效,以及对病患生活质量及肢体功能的影响。方法 选取2015-09—2016-09于焦作市人民医院康复科就诊的140例脑卒中后遗症病患,随机分为70例针灸组及70例结合组。针灸组行针灸治疗,结合组行针灸+康复疗法治疗,对比2组患者治疗效果,同时对2组FMA得分及生活质量进行对比分析,以确定不同方法的临床应用效果。结果 针灸组治疗总有效率低于结合组(85.7% vs 97.1%)(P<0.05);2组病患治疗前肢体运动功能及生活质量评分无明显差异(P>0.
针灸结合康复疗法治疗脑卒中后遗症的疗效观察
王媛媛1) 薛焕霞1) 王小峰1) 樊清波2)△
1)焦作市人民医院康复科,河南 焦作 454002 2)河南省人民医院中心ICU,河南 郑州 450003
作者简介:王媛媛,Email:xiarivslieri@126.com
△通信作者:樊清波,Email:2635834723@qq.com
【摘要】 目的 研究康复疗法及针灸结合治疗脑卒中后遗症的疗效,以及对病患生活质量及肢体功能的影响。方法 选取2015-09—2016-09于焦作市人民医院康复科就诊的140例脑卒中后遗症病患,随机分为70例针灸组及70例结合组。针灸组行针灸治疗,结合组行针灸+康复疗法治疗,对比2组患者治疗效果,同时对2组FMA得分及生活质量进行对比分析,以确定不同方法的临床应用效果。结果 针灸组治疗总有效率低于结合组(85.7% vs 97.1%)(P<0.05);2组病患治疗前肢体运动功能及生活质量评分无明显差异(P>0.05),结合组治疗后肢体运动功能及生活质量评分高于针灸组,差异显著(P<0.01)。结论 针灸与康复疗法结合应用治疗脑卒中后遗症,疗效显著,可显著缓解病患临床症状,提高病患肢体运功及生活自理能力。
【关键词】 针灸;康复疗法;脑卒中后遗症;肢体功能;生活质量
【中图分类号】 R743.3 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1673-5110(2018)20-2279-05 DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.491
Effect of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy on stroke sequela and limb function and quality of life
WANG Yuanyuan1),XUE Huanxia1),WANG Xiaofeng1),FAN Qingbo2)
1)Rehabilitation Department of Jiaozuo People's Hospital,Jiaozuo 454002,China;2)Henan People's Hospital Central ICU,Zhengzhou 450003,China
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of rehabilitation therapy combined with acupuncture on sequelae of stroke,and the effect on life quality and limb function of patients.Methods 140 cases of cerebral apoplexy sequelae were selected from 2015-09—2016-09 in rehabilitation department of Jiaozuo People's Hospital,and were randomly divided into 70 cases of acupuncture and 70 cases.Acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture and moxibustion,combined with acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy,compared the treatment effect of the 2 groups.At the same time,the scores of FMA and the quality of life of the 2 groups were compared and analyzed in order to determine the clinical effect of different methods.Results the total effective rate of treatment in the acupuncture group was lower than that of the combined group (85.7% vs 97.1%) (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the 2 groups before the treatment (P>0.05).The score of the limb movement function and the quality of life of the combined group was higher than that of the acupuncture group (P<0.01).Conclusion The combined application of acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy in the treatment of sequelae of cerebral apoplexy has significant curative effect.It can significantly alleviate the clinical symptomsof the patients,improve the work of the limbs and the ability of self-care,and can be popularized.
【Key words】 Acupuncture and moxibustion;Rehabilitation therapy;Sequelae of stroke;Limb function;Quality of life
随着社会发展,人们生活方式及饮食结构也发生了变化,导致脑卒中发病率呈上升趋势,临床症状主要表现为全瘫或者偏瘫、半身不遂、肢体运动功能障碍、语言障碍等。老年人群发病率极高,且具有高病死率及高致残率等特点,致死率60/10万~120/10万,患病后存活者致残率约为75%。脑卒中分后遗症病程较长,病患没有自理能力,心理压力过大,给家庭及社会带来巨大经济负担。因此,目前临床关注重点为寻找更为有效的脑卒中后遗症治疗方案。笔者采用康复疗法及针灸疗法治疗脑卒中后遗症疗效显著。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2017-06—2018-06于焦作市人民医院康复科就诊的140例脑卒中后遗症病患为研究对象,随机分为针灸组70例及结合组70例。2组一般资料比较无明显差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。
1.2 治疗方法 针灸组进行针灸治疗,结合组进行针灸及康复疗法结合治疗。
1.2.1 针灸疗法是用针法和灸法通过刺激经络和穴位,从而调整人体脏腑功能以治疗疾病。针灸作用于人体的经络或腧穴,可以起到平衡阴阳、调畅气机、扶正祛邪、疏通经络、调和气血的作用。针灸针治疗主穴包含三阴交、尺泽、水沟、内关、委中、极泉,并根据病患实际病情选择合适穴位,语言障碍者加廉泉、丰隆、哑门等,口眼歪斜者加鱼腰、颊车、地仓、承浆、迎香、攒竹、阳白等,下肢瘫痪者加足三里、丰隆、解溪、阴陵泉、阳陵泉、膝眼等,上肢瘫患者加曲池、手三里、肩贞、肩井等。穴位针刺得气后,留针时间控制为30 min,2次/d。
1.2.2 康复疗法在床上指导病患活动患肢、被动或者主动反复训练患肢,被动运动:主要作用是促进肢体血液循环,维持关节韧带活动度,减轻肌肉痉挛。主要操作肢体各关节方向的被动活动。顺序为先大关节,后小关节,运动幅度从小到大。2次/d,30 min/次。主动运动:主动运动是提高中枢神经系统紧张度,活跃各系统生理功能,预防并发症。主动运动要循序渐进、持之以恒,切不可操之过急,由于脑卒中导致肢体功能活动降低,部分关节肌肉处于废用状态,患者关节强直肌肉萎缩,故大多数患者懒于活动,此时,家属要督促和协助患者进行锻炼。从单个关节主动运动开始,直至多关节运动,运动时尽可能带动患肢一起活动。在进行坐、站、走功能训练时,家属要站在病人患侧,协助病人坐起、站立,行走时要求病人尽量抬高患肢。病患应在家属或者护士协助下行左右翻身;病患加强肩周肌、颈肌、躯干肌等训练,每天均行步态训练、患肢负重训练、起立位训练、重心转移训练、坐位平衡训练。肘关节锻炼主要进行伸肌训练,躯干锻炼主要行坐-卧位、翻身等改变体位训练,指关节主要进行屈伸等功能训练,腕关节进行旋转、屈伸,2次/d,30 min/次,根据病患实际病情调整训练强度。
1.3 判定标准 (1)临床疗效:无效:病患病情未改善;有效:病患肌力提高,Ⅰ级幅度,生活自理及沟通能力有所好转,临床体征及症状有所缓解;显效:病患肌力改善显著,Ⅱ级幅度,生活自理及沟通能力显著改善,临床体征及症状显著缓解;治愈:病患肌力为V级,生活可自理,沟通无障碍,临床体征及症状消失。总有效率=(有效+显效+治愈)/总例数×100%。(2)肢体功能:采用Fugl-Meyer法评定病患肢体功能。(3)生活质量:采用SS-QOL评定病患生活质量,重点评定视觉、工作能力、社会活动、思维能力、上肢功能、自理能力、性格、语言、情绪、家庭活动、运动、体能等12个领域,共有49个项目,每项根据病情严重程度给予1~5分,得分越低,生活质量越差。
1.4 统计学方法 采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行统计分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料以率(%)表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 2组疗效比较 结合组总有效率(97.1%)高于针灸组(85.7%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.2 2组肢体运动功能评分比较 肢体运动功能2组治疗前肢体运动功能评分无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗后,结合组肢体运动功能评分高于针灸组,差异显著(P<0.01)。见表3。
表1 2组一般资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of general information in two groups
组别 |
n |
男 |
女 |
年龄/岁 |
病程(d) |
病程(月) |
针灸组 |
70 |
30 |
40 |
63.2±10.3 |
16~90 |
1.83±0.42 |
结合组 |
70 |
32 |
38 |
64.1±12.1 |
18~90 |
1.92±0.45 |
表2 2组疗效比较 [n(%)]
Table 2 Comparison of efficacy between two groups [n(%)]
组别 |
n |
无效 |
有效 |
显效 |
治愈 |
总有效率/% |
针灸组 |
70 |
10(14.3) |
21(30.0) |
22(31.4) |
17(24.3) |
60(85.7) |
结合组 |
70 |
2(2.9) |
18(25.7) |
18(25.7) |
32(45.7) |
68(97.1) |
卡方值 |
|
|
|
|
|
5.833 3 |
P值 |
|
|
|
|
|
<0.05 |
表3 2组肢体运动功能评分比较 (x±s,分)
Table 3 Comparison of body movement function scores between two groups (x±s,score)
组别 |
n |
FMA评分 |
治疗前 |
治疗后 |
针灸组 |
70 |
21.34±6.34 |
33.47±4.22 |
结合组 |
70 |
20.98±5.86 |
46.32±5.86 |
t值 |
|
0.3489 |
14.8879 |
P值 |
|
>0.05 |
<0.01 |
2.3 2组生活质量评分比较 2组治疗前生活质量评分无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗后,结合组生活质量评分高于针灸组,差异显著(P<0.01)。见表4。
表4 2组生活质量评分比较 (x±s,分)
Table 4 Comparison of quality of life scores between two groups (x±s,score)
组别 |
n |
生活质量评分 |
治疗前 |
治疗后 |
针灸组 |
70 |
121.56±26.11 |
165.34±24.14# |
结合组 |
70 |
120.43±25.23 |
186.35±25.32# |
t值 |
|
0.2604 |
5.0247 |
P值 |
|
>0.05 |
<0.01 |
注:与治疗前比较,#P<0.01
3 讨论
脑卒中是现今严重危害中老年人群的疾病之一,脑卒中发病率为0.12%~0.18%,多数病患会出现生活能力障碍、劳动能力缺失等后遗症,严重危害病患健康。脑脑卒中后遗症治疗过程较长,目前医学界对于此方面研究已有初步成果。脑卒中后遗症主要经过认知功能、运动功能、感觉功能等方面进行刺激,进而对病患生活质量及心理健康造成影响,给病患及社会带来巨大经济负担[1-7]。脑卒中患者经过救治幸存后,常遗留部分运动、感觉和语言等障碍,出院后家庭康复治疗是一种有效的好方法,如能护理恰当,可以消除或减轻患者的功能缺陷,最大限度恢复患者生活及工作能力,脑卒中康复治疗的大量工作是在基层医疗机构或家庭中进行的。实践证明[8-13],许多脑卒中患者通过康复训练可以生活自理,甚至恢复工作能力。
针灸治疗能够刺激病患脊髓神经神经元及大脑皮层神经元,可有效保护脑细胞,显著改善病患半身不遂及偏瘫等症状。同时,针灸还可促进血液循环,疏通经络,调和气血,加强脑神经及脑细胞的营养补充,避免细胞萎缩[14-21]。
脑卒中后遗症病程较长,且多数病患伴随半身不遂及口角歪斜等症状,因此应及时进行有效康复训练[22-24]。康复疗法主要由康复训练医师进行专业指导,包含有被动运动及主动运动训练,避免病患身体部位出现萎缩,有效改善病患预后效果[25-30];与此同时,对病患进行心理治疗,加强病患治疗自信心,也可显著减少病患家属心理负担[31-32]。
本研究中针灸组治疗总有效率低于结合组(P<0.05);2组治疗前肢体运动功能及生活质量评分无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后,结合组肢体运动功能及生活质量评分高于针灸组(P<0.01)。针灸与康复疗法结合治疗脑卒中后遗症,可显著缓解临床症状,提高肢体运功及生活自理能力。
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(收稿2017-12-19 修回2018-10-02)
本文责编:张喜民
本文引用信息:王媛媛,薛焕霞,王小峰,樊清波.针灸结合康复疗法治疗脑卒中后遗症的疗效观察[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(20):2279-2283.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.491
Reference information:WANG Yuanyuan,XUE Huanxia,WANG Xiaofeng,FAN Qingbo.Effect of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy on stroke sequela and limb function and quality of life[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2018,21(20):2279-2283.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.491