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奥扎格雷钠联合低分子肝素钙治疗脑血栓患者临床观察

作者 / Author:叶慧芳 张 杰 朱秀华

摘要 / Abstract:

目的 探究奥扎格雷钠联合低分子肝素钙对脑血栓患者神经功能、不良反应及预后的影响。方法 选取2015-01—2017-01驻马店市中心医院接受治疗的60例脑血栓患者,并给予随机分组,对照组30例,给予单纯低分子肝素钙治疗;观察组30例,在对照组基础上加用奥扎格雷钠治疗,对2组患者治疗前后的神经功能缺损评分、不良反应发生情况及预后进行综合评价。结果 治疗后和对照组相比,观察组患者的神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.05),但治疗前2组患者神经功能缺损评分之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者治

关键词 / KeyWords:

奥扎格雷钠,低分子肝素钙,脑血栓,神经功能,不良反应

奥扎格雷钠联合低分子肝素钙治疗脑血栓患者临床观察

叶慧芳  张  杰  朱秀华
驻马店市中心医院,河南 驻马店 463000
作者简介:叶慧芳,Email:yehuifang2018@163.com
摘要  目的  探究奥扎格雷钠联合低分子肝素钙对脑血栓患者神经功能、不良反应及预后的影响。方法  选取2015-01—2017-01驻马店市中心医院接受治疗的60例脑血栓患者,并给予随机分组,对照组30例,给予单纯低分子肝素钙治疗;观察组30例,在对照组基础上加用奥扎格雷钠治疗,对2组患者治疗前后的神经功能缺损评分、不良反应发生情况及预后进行综合评价。结果  治疗后和对照组相比,观察组患者的神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.05),但治疗前2组患者神经功能缺损评分之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者治疗总有效率90.0%(27例)显著高于对照组73.3%(22例)(P<0.05)。治疗后和对照组相比,观察组患者的FIB水平显著降低(P<0.05),但治疗前2组患者的FIB水平之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前后观察组与对照组患者PLT、APTT、PT之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率6.7%(2例)显著低于对照组30.0%(9例)(P<0.05)。观察组复发率3.3%(1例)显著低于对照组23.3%(7例)(P<0.05)。结论  联合应用奥扎格雷钠与低分子肝素钙有利于脑血栓患者神经功能的改善,不良反应少。
关键词】  奥扎格雷钠;低分子肝素钙;脑血栓;神经功能;不良反应
中图分类号】  R743.3    【文献标识码】  A    【文章编号】  1673-5110(2018)20-2289-05  DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.493
Effects of ozagrel combined with low molecular heparin calcium on patients with cerebral thrombosis
YE HuifangZHANG JieZHU Xiuhua
Zhumadian Central HospitalZhumadian 463000,China
Abstract  Objective  To investigate the effects of ozagrel combined with low molecular weight heparin calcium on neurological function,adverse reactions and prognosis of patients with cerebral thrombosis.Methods  60 cases of patients with cerebral thrombosis treated in our hospital from February 2015 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.They were randomly divided into control group (30 cases) treated with low molecular weight heparin calcium (LMWH);observation group (30 cases) treated with ozagrel on the basis of control group.The defect scores,incidences of adverse reactions and prognosis were comprehensively evaluated.Results  Compared with the control group,the neurological deficit score of the observation group was significantly lower (P<0.05),but the difference before treatment between the two groups was no significant (P>0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group 90.0% (27) was significantly higher than the control group 73.3% (22/30) (P<0.05).After treatment,the FIB level of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05),but the difference before treatment between the two groups was no significant (P>0.05).The differences of PLT,APTT and PT before and after treatment between the observation group and the control group were not significant (P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions of the observation group 6.7% (2/30) was significantly lower than the control group 30.0% (9) (P<0.05).The recurrence rate of the observation group 3.3% (1) was significantly lower than the control group 23.3% (7/30) (P<0.05).Conclusion  Ozagrel combined with low molecular weight heparin calcium in the treatment of cerebral thrombosis is conducive to the improvement of neurological function of patients with fewer adverse reactions,so is worthy of promotion and application.
Key words】  Ozagrel;Low molecular weight heparin calcium;Cerebral thrombosis;Neurological function;Adverse reactions
        作为临床中一种极为常见的缺血性脑血管疾病,脑血栓多发于中老年群体,具有较高的发病率、致残率[1]。对血液供应进行改善,将受损脑组织挽救过来是临床治疗脑血栓患者过程中通常采用的方法。近年来,奥扎格雷钠联合低分子肝素钙在脑血栓治疗中得以应用,为探究其疗效及预后,分析驻马店中心医院60例脑血栓患者的临床资料。
1  资料与方法
1.1  一般资料  选取2015-01—2017-01驻马店中心医院脑血栓患者60例,纳入标准:(1)均符合脑血栓的临床诊断标准[2];(2)均知情同意及并获得医学伦理会的支持。排除标准:(1)合并急性心肌梗死者;(2)合并严重心、肝、肾功能疾病;(3)存在意识障碍及精神异常;(4)存在药物过敏史患者。数字随机分组法分为观察组与对照组,每组30例。观察组男18例,女12例,年龄45~79(63.5±6.6)岁,病程为1~6(3.2±1.2)h;在病情严重程度方面,轻度7例,中度17例,重度6例。对照组男17例,女13例,年龄43~78(62.1±6.5)岁,病程为1~7(3.3±1.1)h。在病情严重程度方面,轻度8例,中度18例,重度4例。2组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2  方法  2组患者给予常规吸氧、控制血压、血糖及对症治疗,严密监测患者生命体征。对照组给予单      纯低分子肝素钙(河北常山生化药业股份有限公司,国药准字H20063909)治疗,皮下注射0.4 mL,每隔12 h注射1次,2次/d。观察组在对照组基础上加用奥扎格雷钠(海南中和药业有限公司,国药准字H20053679)治疗,0.9%的生理盐水250 mL中加入80 mg奥扎格雷钠静滴,2次/d。连续2周治疗。
1.3  观察指标  综合评价2组患者的神经功能缺损评分、不良反应发生情况及预后。神经功能缺损评分主要包括意识水平、凝视功能、言语功能等多个条目,分值最高为45分,分值越高,神经功能缺损越严重[3]。此外,治疗前后分别对2组患者的凝血指标水平进行检测,包括血小板计数(PLT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)。
1.4  疗效评定标准  神经功能改善91%~100%、46%~90%、18%~45%、0~17%分别评定为基本痊愈、显著进步、进步、无效。
1.5  统计学方法  统计分析软件为SPSS 22.0,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料以百分率(%)表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2  结果
2.1  一般资料比较  2组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
2.2  2组治疗前后神经功能缺损评分比较  治疗后和对照组相比,观察组神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.05),但治疗前2组患者的神经功能缺损评分之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);和治疗前相比,2组患者治疗后神经功能缺损评分均显著降低(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.3  2组临床疗效比较  观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表3。
2.4  治疗前后2组凝血指标水平变化比较  治疗后与对照组相比,观察组FIB水平显著降低(P<0.05),但治疗前2组FIB水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与治疗前相比,2组治疗后的FIB水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。治疗前后2组PLT、APTT、PT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表4。
表1  2组一般资料比较
Table 1  Comparison of general data of 2 groups
项目 观察组(n=30) 对照组(n=30) t2 P
性别             18(60.0) 17(56.7) 1.32 >0.05
                 12(40.0) 13(43.3)    
年龄/ 63.5±6.6 62.1±6.5 1.886 >0.05
病程(a) 3.2±1.2 3.3±1.1 1.638 >0.05
病情严重程度    轻度 7(23.3) 8(26.7) 0.86 >0.05
                中度 17(56.7) 18(60.0)    
                重度 6(20.0) 4(13.3)    
2.5  不良反应发生情况比较  观察组患者的不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表5。
2.6  2组患者复发情况比较  观察组患者的复发率3.3%(1例)显著低于对照组23.3%(7例)(P<0.05)。见表6。
表2  治疗前后2组神经功能缺损评分比较  (x±s)
Table 2  Comparison of neurological deficit scores between the two groups before and after treatment  (x±s)
组别 n 治疗前 治疗后
观察组 30 21.84±4.34 10.46±2.03
对照组 30 21.63±4.13 16.32±2.34
t   0.486 11.394
P   >0.05 <0.05
表3  2组临床疗效比较  [n(%)]
Table 3  Comparison of clinical effects between the two groups  [n(%)]
组别 n 基本痊愈 显著进步 进步 无效 总有效
观察组 30 7(23.3) 14(46.7) 6(20.0) 3(10.0) 27(90.0)
对照组 30 4(13.3) 12(40.0) 6(20.0) 8(26.7) 22(73.3)
t           13.343
P           <0.05
表4  治疗前后2组患者凝血指标水平变化情况比较  (x±s)
Table 4  Comparison of changes in coagulation parameters in two groups before and after treatment  (x±s)
组别 n 时间 PLT(×109/L) APTT(s) PT(s) FIB(g/L)
观察组 30 治疗前 140.8±8.0 24.0±1.7 12.0±3.5 3.95±1.05
    治疗后 130.0±8.7 23.7±2.2 11.6±3.2 2.24±0.42
对照组 30 治疗前 138.4±7.5 28.5±2.4 10.8±2.8 4.05±1.32
    治疗 133.6±9.1 27.8±2.6 10.4±3.0 2.88±0.87
表5  2组不良反应比较  [n(%)]
Table 5  Comparison of adverse reactions in 2 groups  [n(%)]
组别 n 恶心 呕吐 皮疹 荨麻 总发生率
观察组 30 1(3.3) 1(3.3) 0 0 2(6.7)
对照组 30 3(10.0) 2(6.7) 3(10.0) 1(3.3) 9(30.0)
χ2                 13.947
P           <0.05
表6  2组复发情况比较  [n(%)]
Table 6  Comparison of recurrence in 2 groups  [n(%)]
组别 n 言语不利 视线模糊 舌强直 侧肢体无力 复发率
观察组 30 0 1(3.3) 0 0 1(3.3)
对照组 30 2(6.7) 2(6.7) 1(3.3) 2(6.7) 7(23.3)
χ2            7.036
P            <0.05
3  讨论
        脑血栓患者发病后将会累及到脑组织,具有较高的发病率与病死率,严重影响着患者的生活质量,多表现为失语、肢体麻木、头晕等症状[4-8]。目前,临床中对脑血栓的治疗多以低分子肝素钙为主,其能够对患者深部组织血栓予以溶解,能够对体内及体外血栓或动静脉血栓起到显著的抑制作用,且降低出血并发症的发生。然而单纯低分子肝素钙注射液治疗效果并达不到预期,存在血肿、造成血小板减小等不良反应[9-16]。在此基础上加用奥扎格雷钠治疗,其对血栓素A2具有显著抑制作用,进而对血小板聚集起到抑制作用,两种药物联合应用,能够优劣互补,增强药物疗效。
        奥扎格雷钠联合低分子肝素钙治疗脑血栓能够相互协作,将各自优势作用充分发挥出来,一方面能够对患者的神经功能进行改善,另一方面能够促进患者并发症发生的减少,从而对患者预后进行切实有效的改善,优势显著[17-30]。治疗后与对照组相比,观察组神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.05),但治疗前2组患者神经功能缺损评分比较,P>0.05;与治疗前相比,治疗后的神经功能缺损评分均显著降低(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后和对照组相比,观察组患者的FIB水平显著降低(P<0.05),但治疗前2组患者FIB水平之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与治疗前相比,2组患者治疗后的FIB水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。治疗前后2患者PLT、APTT、PT之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),奥扎格雷钠联合低分子肝素钙治疗脑血栓患者,有利于改善神经功能,增强远期疗效及预后。
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(收稿2018-07-13  修回2018-09-30)
本文责编:关慧
本文引用信息:叶慧芳,张杰,朱秀华.奥扎格雷钠联合低分子肝素钙治疗脑血栓患者临床观察[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(20):2289-2293.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.493
Reference information:YE Huifang,ZHANG Jie,ZHU Xiuhua.Effects of ozagrel combined with low molecular heparin calcium on patients with cerebral thrombosis[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2018,21(20):2289-2293.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.493

 

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