目的 观察丁苯酞预处理对脑缺血再灌注大鼠的保护作用。方法 72只健康SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组及丁苯酞预处理组,每组按再灌注6 h、12 h、24 h分3个亚组各8只。采用Zea Longa法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,假手术组不插入线栓,丁苯酞预处理组给予丁苯酞 50 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,共5 d,其他2组给予等量生理盐水替代。免疫组化法分别检测脑组织CHOP及Caspase-3的动态表达。结果 与假手术组比较,缺血再灌注组的CHOP、Caspase-3在6 h升高,24 h达峰(P
丁苯酞预处理对脑缺血再灌注大鼠CHOP及Caspase-3的影响
高 兰
郑州市中心医院,河南 郑州 450000
基金项目:河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(编号:201504078)
作者简介:高兰,Email:gaolan2009@126.com
【摘要】 目的 观察丁苯酞预处理对脑缺血再灌注大鼠的保护作用。方法 72只健康SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组及丁苯酞预处理组,每组按再灌注6 h、12 h、24 h分3个亚组各8只。采用Zea Longa法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,假手术组不插入线栓,丁苯酞预处理组给予丁苯酞 50 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,共5 d,其他2组给予等量生理盐水替代。免疫组化法分别检测脑组织CHOP及Caspase-3的动态表达。结果 与假手术组比较,缺血再灌注组的CHOP、Caspase-3在6 h升高,24 h达峰(P<0.01);丁苯酞预处理组24 h CHOP、Caspase-3阳性表达低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.05)。结论 丁苯酞预处理可下调CHOP、Caspase-3的表达,抑制IRE1介导的内质网应激及其后的凋亡信号通路,有效减少神经细胞凋亡。
【关键词】 丁苯酞预处理;缺血再灌注;CHOP;Caspase-3;内质网应激;细胞凋亡;大鼠
【中图分类号】 R-332 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1673-5110(2018)21-2326-05 DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.21.500
Effects of butylphthalide pretreatment on CHOP and Caspase-3 in rats with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion
GAO Lan
Zhengzhou Central Hospital,Zhengzhou 450000,China
【Abstract】 Objective To observe the protective effect of butylphthalide pretreatment on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats.Methods Seventy-two healthy SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,ischemia-reperfusion group and butylphthalide pretreatment group.Each group was divided into 3 subgroups at 6h,12h and 24h.The rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was prepared by Zea Longa method.The sham-operated group was given no plug,and the butylphthalide pretreatment group was given butylphthalide 50 mg/(kg·d) for 5 days.The other two groups were given.Give an equal amount of saline instead.The dynamic expression of CHOP and Caspase-3 in brain tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the sham operation group,CHOP and Caspase-3 in the ischemia-reperfusion group increased at 6h and peaked at 24h (P<0.01).The positive expression of CHOP and Caspase-3 in the butylphthalide pretreatment group at 24h Lower than the ischemia-reperfusion group (P<0.05).Conclusion Pretreatment with butylphthalide can down-regulate the expression of CHOP and Caspase-3,inhibit IRE1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and its apoptotic signaling pathway,and effectively reduce neuronal apoptosis.
【Key words】 Butylphthalide pretreatment;Ischemia-reperfusion;CHOP;Caspase-3;Endoplasmic reticulum stress;Apoptosis;Rat
内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)在再灌注细胞凋亡过程中至关重要[1-2]。内质网上跨膜蛋白肌醇依赖酶1(IRE1)作为ERS感受器具有重要调节作用,其可通过激活下游的凋亡信号分子CHOP,活化Caspase-3导致细胞凋亡[3-5]。近年来,药物预处理已成为国内外研究的热点[6]。丁苯酞能够阻断脑卒中多个病理环节,从而治疗急性缺血性脑卒中。丁苯酞预处理能否提高神经细胞对脑缺血的耐受性仍在初期研究阶段。本实验通过对再灌注损伤中IRE1通路相关因子的检测,为进一步探讨预防性药物治疗在降低缺血性脑卒中的发病率中的作用。
1 材料与方法
1.1 动物与分组 健康雄性Wistar大鼠共72只,体质量250~280 g,由郑州大学实验动物中心提供。随机分成假手术组、缺血再灌注组、丁苯酞预处理组,各组分别在再灌注后6 h、12 h、24 h分为3个亚组,每组8只。各组按实验要求分别在不同时间点分别进行CHOP、Caspase-3免疫组化测定。
1.2 主要试剂 丁苯酞胶囊(石药集团恩必普药业有限公司提供)。兔抗鼠CHOP单克隆抗体、兔抗 Caspase-3 抗体(武汉博士德生物工程有限公司),SP免疫组化试剂盒、DAB染色剂试剂盒(深圳晶美生物工程有限公司)。
1.3 方法 将丁苯酞胶囊溶于生理盐水配成10 mg/mL混悬液,使用前充分摇匀,以50 mg/(mg·d)的剂量术前灌胃5 d,其余2组相应给予等体积生理盐水。
1.4 动物模型的制备 采用Zea Longa线法[7]制备右侧大脑中动脉缺血再灌注大鼠模型:首先10%水合氯醛0.3 mL/100 g腹腔注射麻醉大鼠。取仰卧位固定后消毒,取颈部正中切口,钝性深部分离颈总动脉(CCA)、颈外动脉(ECA)和颈内动脉(ICA),先结扎CCA和ECA,眼科剪在ECA剪一小口,并将消毒后的线栓插入ECA,后经CCA分叉处进入ICA,线拴插入深度(18.5±0.5)mm,稍感阻力时扎紧并固定线栓。缺血2 h后抽提线栓实现再灌注。假手术组不插线拴,其余步骤同上。再灌注后在设计观察时间点处死动物取脑,按Zea Longa 5分制进行评分,1~3分的大鼠入实验组。
1.5 SP法免疫组织化学测定 缺血再灌注不同时间点用10%水合氯醛300 mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉大鼠,依次生理盐水、4%多聚甲醛溶液快速心脏灌注,内固定后开颅取脑,选取视交叉前后2 mm的脑组织,多聚甲醛溶液4 ℃固定72 h,常规梯度乙醇脱水,石蜡包埋冠状切片。片厚4 μm,其后用SP免疫组化法测定CHOP、Caspase-3表达。每张切片随机选取5个不重叠视野在高倍镜10×40观察拍照,显微镜下胞质或胞核有棕黄色颗粒者为阳性细胞。
1.6 统计学方法 应用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据分析,计量资料均以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,各组间均数比较采用单因素方差分析,任意两组间比较采用LSD检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 丁苯酞预处理对CHOP活性的影响 假手术组脑组织内CHOP的阳性细胞微量表达,与假手术组比较,缺血再灌注组CHOP阳性表达6 h时少量增加,12 h时表达逐渐升高,24 h时达峰。与模型组比较,丁苯酞预处理组可降低脑CHOP的表达(P<0.01)。见表1。
2.2 丁苯酞预处理对Caspase-3的影响 假手术组脑组织内Caspase-3染色阳性细胞微量表达,与假手术组比较,缺血再灌注组Caspase-3阳性细胞变形且体积变小,其表达6 h少量增加,12 h进一步升高,24 h明显增加。与模型组比较,丁苯酞预处理在6 h、12 h时差异无统计学意义,但24 h时Caspase-3表达阳性染色细胞减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
表1 各组大鼠CHOP表达比较 (x±s,n=8)
Table 1 Comparison of the expression of CHOP in each group (x±s,n=8)
组别 |
CHOP水平 |
6 h |
12 h |
24 h |
假手术组 |
5.27±0.76 |
5.28±0.87 |
5.28±0.98 |
脑缺血/再灌注组 |
27.30±2.63△ |
73.96±2.94△ |
85.46±4.51△ |
丁苯酞预处理组 |
20.24±2.56▲ |
44.85±2.36▲ |
74.02±3.05▲ |
注:与假手术组比较,△P<0.01;与缺血再灌注组比较,▲P<0.01
表2 各组不同时间点Caspase-3的表达 (x±s,n=8)
Table 2 Caspase-3 expression on rats in each group (x±s,n=8)
组别 |
Caspase-3水平 |
6 h |
12 h |
24 h |
假手术组 |
6.34±0.46 |
6.40±0.50 |
6.45±0.80 |
脑缺血/再灌注组 |
26.02±7.54△ |
33.85±5.65△ |
53.95±6.75△ |
丁苯酞预处理组 |
23.35±6.84 |
26.85±7.50 |
39.02±13.33▲ |
注:与假手术组比较,△P<0.05;与缺血再灌注组比较,▲P<0.05
3 讨论
脑缺血再灌注后钙离子平衡失调、氧化应激损伤等均会导致误折叠蛋白的积累,诱发内质网应激,最终导致细胞内质网内稳态失衡,生理功能发生紊乱[8-11]。LI等[12-13]研究显示,通过减弱内质网应激可以保护脑免受缺血再灌注损伤。误折叠蛋白反应(UPR)是内质网稳态失衡后发生的适应性信号反应,其作用是增加正确蛋白的合成并减少误折叠蛋白负荷,从而恢复内质网稳态,促进细胞存活[14-16]。严重持续的ERS,适应性的保护机制无法有效恢复内质网功能,UPR则转化为促凋亡模式导致细胞凋亡[17-19]。UPR通路由内质网上3种跨膜蛋白RNA依赖的内质网激酶样激酶(PERK)、肌醇依赖酶 1(IRE1)和活化的转录因子 6(ATF6)作为ERS感受器执行[20-22]。其中IRE1通路是UPR信号转导中一个重要的调节枢纽[23-25]。严重ERS时,激活的IRE1信号通路则启动凋亡程序,通过激活下游的凋亡信号分子CHOP介导细胞凋亡[26-27]。CHOP又称DNA损伤基因,是内质网应激特异的转录因子。CHOP缺陷则能保护细胞对抗内质网应激诱导的凋亡[28-31]。正常情况下CHOP表达很低,严重持久ERS,过度表达的CHOP通过抑制凋亡负调节蛋白Bcl-2,或增加促凋亡死亡受体5蛋白的表达,进而激活Caspase家族导致细胞凋亡[32-35]。Caspase-3是凋亡的关键酶和执行者,在凋亡最后程序中起关键作用[36-38]。因此,抑制IRE1信号通路下游凋亡信号分子CHOP及作为凋亡执行者的Caspase-3,对减轻再灌注损伤具有一定的意义。本实验显示,与假手术组相比,缺血再灌注6 h时CHOP表达开始增加,再灌注12 h时继续升高,24 h达峰;伴CHOP表达增多,在相对应再灌注时间点Caspase-3表达也逐渐增加。表明再灌注模型不同时间点Caspase-3表达增加与CHOP表达增多密切相关。
药物预处理是指在严重缺血之前给予的保护性干预措施。可能机制指通过药物激发或模拟机体内源性物质,使脑组织在面临预处理后更为严重的损伤时具有较强的抵抗力,是近年来关注的热点问题。丁苯酞是中国第一个拥有自主知识产权的国家类化学新药[39]。可通过抑制血小板集聚、抗自由基、恢复能量代谢等多种药理作用改善脑卒中后神经功能缺损症状[40]。既往研究多侧重于对缺血性脑血管病的治疗,但丁苯酞预处理能否通过提高神经细胞对脑缺血的耐受性仍在初期研究阶段,具体机制还不清楚。
本实验观察了丁苯酞预处理对凋亡信号分子CHOP及Caspase-3活性的影响,结果显示,与模型组比较,丁苯酞预处理组在再灌注24 h时CHOP、Caspase-3表达明显降低,表明丁苯酞预处理可能通过抑制IRE1通路转录因子CHOP,减少Caspase-3的表达,进而减轻内质网应激导致缺血再灌注损伤,为丁苯酞在预防性用药、减少脑卒中发生及减轻神经功能缺损等方面提供了实验室依据。
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(收稿2018-06-15 修回2018-09-30)
本文责编:夏保军
本文引用信息:高兰.丁苯酞预处理对脑缺血再灌注大鼠CHOP及Caspase-3的影响[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(21):2326-2330.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.21.500
Reference information:GAO Lan.Effects of butylphthalide pretreatment on CHOP and Caspase-3 in rats with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2018,21(21):2326-2330.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.21.500