目的 探讨丁苯酞软胶囊对急性脑梗死的疗效效果及其作用机制。方法 收取临床急性脑梗死患者240例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各120例。对照组接受常规治疗,观察组接受常规+丁苯酞软胶囊治疗,200 mg/次,口服,3次/d;治疗14 d后统计分析血清中hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸、纤维蛋白原及IMT水平。结果 治疗组NIHSS评分明显降低,总有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组治疗后血清hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸水平均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组血清hs-
丁苯酞软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及作用机制探讨
徐国卫 刘 欣 郭达云 常玉倩 赵 敏 高 兰
郑州大学附属郑州中心医院神经内科,河南 郑州 450007
基金项目:河南省医学科技攻关项目(编号:201504078)
作者简介:徐国卫,Email:25502689@qq.com
【摘要】目的 探讨丁苯酞软胶囊对急性脑梗死的疗效效果及其作用机制。方法 收取临床急性脑梗死患者240例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各120例。对照组接受常规治疗,观察组接受常规+丁苯酞软胶囊治疗,200 mg/次,口服,3次/d;治疗14 d后统计分析血清中hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸、纤维蛋白原及IMT水平。结果 治疗组NIHSS评分明显降低,总有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组治疗后血清hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸水平均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组血清hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸水平较对照组降低明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组治疗后纤维蛋白原水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组治疗后IMT值无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 丁苯酞软胶囊能特异性的降低血清中hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸水平,达到治疗急性脑梗死的目的。
【关键词】 急性脑梗死;丁苯酞;超敏C反应蛋白;同型半胱氨酸;纤维蛋白原;内膜-中层厚度
【中图分类号】 R743.33 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1673-5110(2018)21-2345-05 DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.21.503
Therapeutic effect and mechanism of butylphthalide soft capsule on acute cerebral infarction
XU Guowei,LIU Xin,GUO Dayun,CHANG Yuqian,ZHAO Min,GAO Lan
Department of Neurology,Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450007,China
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of butylphthalide soft capsule on acute cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 240 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled and randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group,120 cases each group.The control group received routine treatment.The observation group received conventional + butylphthalide soft capsule treatment,200 mg / time,orally,3 times / d;statistical analysis of serum hs-CRP,homocysteine,fibrinogen level and IMT levels after 14 days.Results The NIHSS score of the treatment group was significantly lower,and the total effective rate was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The levels of serum hs-CRP and homocysteine in the two groups were significantly lower after treatment (P<0.05).The levels of serum hs-CRP and homocysteine in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The levels of fibrinogen decreased after treatment in the two groups (P<0.05),but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).There was no significant change in IMT after treatment,the difference was not statistically significant.Significance (P>0.05).Conclusion Butylphthalide soft capsule can specifically reduce the levels of hs-CRP and homocysteine in serum to achieve the purpose of treating acute cerebral infarction.
【Key words】 Acute cerebral infarction;Butylphthalide;Hypersensitive C-reactive protein;Homocysteine;Fibrinogen;Intima-media thickness
脑梗死是一种临床常见的且可造成严重后果的脑血管疾病,是由脑血管内形成栓塞或血栓进而导致脑部供血不足造成的,由其他原因引起的脑供血不足也可以导致该病的发生,因而临床又称缺血性脑病,是国内外临床持续关注的研究热点[1]。一旦发生急性脑梗死,则会在脑内形成缺血性坏死区域,在梗死发生的短时间内仍有侧支循环在缺血区域内提供血供,保障区域内神经元的存活,若在这段时间内及早恢复血流,保障供血,由缺血造成的损伤是可以修复的,脑代谢及神经元的功能也可恢复[2]。可见,及时恢复并保证血流供应在急性脑梗死的治疗中发挥着重要的作用,也是临床治疗成功的关键。
丁苯酞软胶囊(NBP)是我国自主研发的一类新药[3],其对线粒体功能和神经有保护作用[4],可改善神经功能缺损[5-7]。临床研究表明,对急性缺血性脑卒中患者联合采用丁苯酞软胶囊与丹参注射液静滴,中枢神经功能的损伤有显著改善,患者功能部分恢复[8]。国内外研究表明,缺血性脑损伤是一个多基因和多靶点参与、涉及多个病理环节复杂过程[9-12]。
由于缺血性脑损伤病理机制的复杂性,目前关于丁苯酞软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死的机制还不是很确切。本研究旨在大量临床样本的基础上,通过对临床指标的分析探讨其作用机制。
1 对象与方法
1.1 研究对象 收集郑州市中心医院2016-01—2017-08入住神经内科住院患者病例,按治疗方案分为治疗组及对照组各120例。纳入标准:以现有脑卒中的诊断标准[13]为依据,经头颅CT或头颅MRI确诊为脑梗死患者,年龄>60岁,病程6~72 h;排除标准[13]:(1)合并脑出血;(2)合并脑心综合征及消化道出血;(3)合并恶性肿瘤;(4)合并肾、肝、心或其他严重疾病;(5)精神病患者。本研究已取得我院伦理委员会同意,所有病人均知情并签署知情同意书。
1.2 治疗方法 对照组进行常规治疗,包括控制血压、血糖、体温、吸氧、维持水、电解质平衡、降颅压、抗感染、抗聚、抗凝及其他对症支持治疗;治疗组采用常规治疗合并口服丁苯酞软胶囊,3次/d,200 mg/次;2组均治疗14 d。
1.3 观察指标 所有患者于治疗前(发病后48 h内)以及治疗后第14天抽取静脉血5 mL,10 000 r/min离心10 min后,提取上清液并置于低温冰箱-80 ℃保存。以美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)为神经功能缺损评分标准,且分别于确诊后24 h内及治疗后14 d时进行评定[14-15]。具体方法:(1)神经功能评分(治疗前、治疗后14 d);(2)检测超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(tHcy)、纤维蛋白原水平(治疗前及治疗后14 d清晨空腹抽静脉血检测);(3)颈动脉超声检查评估治疗前后颈动脉粥样硬化斑块内膜-中层厚度(IMT)。
痊愈:神经功能缺损评分减少90%~100%;显著进步:神经功能缺损评分减少46%~89%;进步:神经功能缺损评分减少18%~45%,生活不能自理;无变化:神经功能缺损评分减少或增加0~17%;恶化:神经功能缺损评分增加18%以上。痊愈、显著进步及进步为有效。
1.4 统计学方法 采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对数据进行分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料以百分率(%)表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 2组治愈率比较 观察组总有效率达94.20%,显著高于对照组68.30%的总有效率,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2 2组治疗前后NIHSS评分比较 观察组和对照组治疗后的评分与本组治疗前的评分相比,均有所下降,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后前者NIHSS评分低于后者,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
表1 2组治愈率比较
Table 1 Comparison of cure rates in 2 groups
组别 |
n |
治愈 |
显效 |
良好 |
无效 |
恶化 |
总有效率/% |
观察组 |
120 |
18 |
63 |
32 |
7 |
0 |
94.20* |
对照组 |
120 |
2 |
32 |
48 |
27 |
11 |
68.3 |
注:与对照组相比,*P<0.05
表2 2组治疗前后NIHSS评分比较(x±s)
Table 2 Comparison of NIHSS scores before and after treatment in 2 groups(x±s)
组别 |
n |
治疗前 |
治疗后 |
观察组 |
120 |
13.85±4.78 |
5.93±2.14*# |
对照组 |
120 |
13.92±4.47 |
8.76±3.68# |
注:与对照组相比,*P<0.05;表示本组治疗后评分与本组治疗前评分相比,#P<0.05
2.3 治疗前后血清hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸、纤维蛋白原及IMT水平变化 2组患者治疗后的血清中hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸水平与本组治疗前的血清中hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸水平相比下降明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前2组患者的血清中hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸水平差异无统计学意义,治疗后观察组均低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者治疗后的血清中纤维蛋白原水平与本组治疗前相比,下降明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组IMT值在治疗前后变化不大,且2组间c差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3。
表3 治疗前后血清hs-CRP、同型半胱氨酸、纤维蛋白原及IMT水平变化
Table 3 Changes of serum hs-CRP,homocysteine,fibrinogen and IMT levels before and after treatment
因素 |
组别 |
n |
治疗前 |
治疗后 |
血清hs-CRP |
观察组 |
120 |
10.22±4.81 mg/L |
4.33±2.68 mg/L#* |
|
对照组 |
120 |
11.06±4.10 mg/L |
7.41±3.54 mg/L# |
血清同型半胱氨酸 |
观察组 |
120 |
28.93±20.77 μmol/L |
10.58±10.09 μmol/L#* |
|
对照组 |
120 |
30.46±15.67 μmol/L |
16.49±7.71 μmol/L# |
纤维蛋白原 |
观察组 |
120 |
3.19±3.01 g/L |
1.04±0.55 g/L# |
|
对照组 |
120 |
3.43±2.33 g/L |
1.13±0.92 g/L# |
IMT |
观察组 |
120 |
1.27±0.16 mm |
1.24±0.11 mm |
|
对照组 |
120 |
1.25±0.42 mm |
1.22±0.23 mm |
注:与对照组相比,*P<0.05;本组治疗后与本组治疗前相比,#P<0.05
3 讨论
随着生活水平的提高和受环境因素的影响,急性脑梗死的发病率呈不断上升趋势,病死率、复发率和致残率也处于较高水平。改善脑部血循环,恢复神经功能,降低细胞凋亡是目前控制急性脑梗死患者病情的主要手段[16]。研究表明,脑梗死面积越大,hs-CRP浓度升高越明显,临床将其作为判断脑梗死病情程度和预后的指标之一[17-18]。同型半胱氨酸水平也被认为是脑梗死预防、诊断和临床观察的重要指标[18-19]。本研究中,观察组治疗后血清hs-CRP水平降低了58%,对照组只降低了33%;观察组同型半胱氨酸降低了63%,对照组降低了46%。服用丁苯酞后,血清hs-CRP和同型半胱氨酸降低明显,且前者效果明显优于后者。说明丁苯酞对急性脑梗死病情有较好的改善作用。其原因主要是丁苯酞能降低细胞内皮损伤,抑制细胞凋亡,降低炎症反应[20-21]。通过改善线粒体膜的流动性、电位及呼吸链功能保护神经细胞线粒体,降级脑神经损伤及功能异常[22-23]。此外能降低细胞内皮损伤抑制细胞凋亡,改善血循环脑血流及微循环[24]。因此,丁苯酞软胶囊能效缓解患者的病情,达到治疗的目的。
纤维蛋白原能促进凝血,形成血栓。临床数据表明,血浆中纤维蛋白原在心肌梗死和血栓患者体内有较高水平,在不稳定心绞痛的患者发病之前体内纤维蛋白原水平会高于正常值[25]。实验结果中显示,观察组和对照组在服用丁苯酞软胶囊后纤维蛋白原分别降低了66%和67%,效果明显。但与常规治疗相比,这种差异无统计学意义。推测丁苯酞软胶囊同其他治疗药物一样,通过对抗血小板凝集,改善血循环来达到治疗脑梗栓的目的[26-27]。
颈动脉粥样硬化斑块内膜-中层厚度(intirna-mediathickness)增加认为是另一个颈动脉早期粥样硬化的标志[28-29],有人将其可作为脑梗死的检测指标。斑块是由于血管内膜受损后乳糜微粒及低密度脂蛋白聚集于此形成的。对抗乳糜微粒及低密度脂蛋白在受损血管内膜的聚集可降低IMT水平。该试验中观察组和对照组中颈动脉粥样硬化斑块内膜-中层厚度治疗前后变化不大,且2组之间无显著性差异。说明丁苯酞软胶囊对抗乳糜微粒及低密度脂蛋白聚集效果不明显,不能有效的降低IMT水平。
丁苯酞在干预脑栓塞的多个发病环节同时影响血流动力学状态,保护神经细胞,改善脑部缺血区微循环,阻止脑缺血后梗死扩大[30-32]。此外还能抑制炎症反应,促进血管生成 。临床数据已显示丁苯酞能有效降低患者病死率和病残率,在急性脑梗死的临床治疗中,阿司匹林和氯吡格雷被广泛用来对抗血小板聚集,并联合其他药物用来治疗脑梗死患者[33]。该研究结果为今后的治疗方案提供了新思路,随着数据的不断完善,相信不久丁苯酞将会在临床拥有一席之地。
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(收稿2018-08-04 修回2018-09-21)
本文责编:关慧
本文引用信息:徐国卫,刘欣,郭达云,常玉倩,赵敏,高兰.丁苯酞软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及作用机制探讨[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(21):2345-2349.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.21.503
Reference information:XU Guowei,LIU Xin,GUO Dayun,CHANG Yuqian,ZHAO Min,GAO Lan.Therapeutic effect and mechanism of butylphthalide soft capsule on acute cerebral infarction[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2018,21(21):2345-2349.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.21.503