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氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗糖尿病伴高血压的效果观察

作者 / Author:胡 萍

摘要 / Abstract:

目的 探讨厄贝沙坦联合氨氯地平对糖尿病合并高血压患者QT间期离散度(QTcd)的影响。方法 收集2014-06-2016-06入信阳职业技术学院附属医院诊疗的210例高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,根据用药方案的不同将210患者分为观察组和对照组A、对照组B三组,每组70例,观察组采用氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦用药方案,对照组A采用氨氯地平用药方案,对照组B采用厄贝沙坦治疗方案,连续用药8周后,统计3组血压水平、QT间期离散度,评估3组治疗总有效率。结果 经8周的连续治疗,观察组QTcd(31.5±1

关键词 / KeyWords:

高血压,2型糖尿病,厄贝沙坦,氨氯地平,QT间期离散度,血压

氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗糖尿病伴高血压的效果观察

胡  萍
信阳职业技术学院附属医院药剂科,河南 信阳 464000
作者简介:胡萍,Email:1017757576@qq.com
摘要  目的  探讨厄贝沙坦联合氨氯地平对糖尿病合并高血压患者QT间期离散度(QTcd)的影响。方法  收集2014-06-2016-06入信阳职业技术学院附属医院诊疗的210例高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,根据用药方案的不同将210患者分为观察组和对照组A、对照组B三组,每组70例,观察组采用氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦用药方案,对照组A采用氨氯地平用药方案,对照组B采用厄贝沙坦治疗方案,连续用药8周后,统计3组血压水平、QT间期离散度,评估3组治疗总有效率。结果  经8周的连续治疗,观察组QTcd(31.5±10.2)ms,显著低于两个对照组(P<0.05);观察组平均收缩压(SBP)(143.8±15.9)mmHg,舒张压(DBP)(89.4±11.5)mmHg,均显著低于两个对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率显著优于两个对照组(P<0.05)。结论  采用氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗高血压合并糖尿病患者能显著降低其QT间期离散度,抑制心肌肥厚,改善预后,提高治疗效果。
关键词】  高血压;2型糖尿病;厄贝沙坦;氨氯地平;QT间期离散度;血压
中图分类号】  R587.2    【文献标识码】  A    【文章编号】  1673-5110(2018)21-2413-05  DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.21.516
Effect of amlodipine combined with irbesartan in treatment of diabetes mellituswith hypertension
HU Ping
Department of PharmacyAffiliated Hospital of Xinyang Vocational and Technical CollegeXinyang 464000,China
Abstract  Objective  To investigate the effect of amlodipine combined with irbesartan on QT corrected dispersion (QTcd) in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Methods  The clinical data of 210 patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension in our hospital from June 2014 to June 2016 were collected.All the patients were divided into observation group and control A group and control B group according to medication regimen,with 70 cases in each group.Observation group was given amlodipine combined with irbesartan,control A group was given amlodipine,while control B group was treated with irbesartan.After 8-week medication,the levels of blood pressure and QTcd in three groups were recorded.The total effective rate of three groups were evaluated and compared statistically.Results  After 8-week medication,the QTcd in observation group was (31.5±10.2)ms,which was significantly lower than the average level in control A and B group (P<0.05);The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in observation group were (143.8±15.9)mmHg and (89.4±11.5)mmHg,which were significantly lower than those in control A and B group (P<0.05);The total effective rate in observation group was 92.9%,which was significantly better than that in control A and B group (P<0.05).Conclusion  Amlodipine combined with irbesartan in treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension can significantly decrease the QTcd,inhibit myocardial hypertrophy,improve prognosis and increase curative effects,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Key words】  Hypertension;Type 2 diabetes mellitus;Irbesartan;Amlodipine;QT corrected dispersion;Blood pressure
        近年来高血压、糖尿病等的发病率逐年上升,此类患者心脑血管意外发生率较高[1-3],对患者的生命安全及生活质量造成严重威胁[4-5]。现阶段研究表明左室肥厚不仅是长期高血压的代偿机制,还是导致心血管事件的独立危险因素。QT间期离散度(QTcd)能够客观反映心室肌复极的不同步程度[6-8],是评估心室肥厚程度、预测心律失常的常用指标,为探讨氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦对糖尿病合并高血压患者QTcd离散度的影响,现收集近年来信阳职业技术学院附属医院210例糖尿病合并高血压患者的临床资料。
1  资料与方法
1.1  一般资料  收集2014-06-2016-06信阳职业技术学院附属医院诊疗的210例高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,根据治疗方案的不同将210例患者分为观察组(n=70)和对照组A(n=70)、对照组B(n=70)3组,观察组中男40例,女30例,年龄51~78(63.5±9.1)岁,收缩压(151.3±12.1)mmHg,糖尿病病程1~16 a,空腹血糖水平(9.1±2.2)mmol/L;对照组A中男41例,女29例,年龄43~82(63.4±9.2)岁,收缩压(153.8±12.0)mmHg,糖尿病病程1~20 a,空腹血糖水平(9.2±2.0)mmol/L;对照组B中男40例,女30例,年龄44~80(64.5±9.2)岁,收缩压(152.6±11.8)mmHg,糖尿病病程1~18 a,空腹血糖(9.2±1.8)mmol/L。3组患者在年龄、性别、糖尿病病程水平等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2  纳入及排除标准  入选标准:(1)符合高血压及2型糖尿病相关诊断标准[9];(2)本次治疗前2周内未应用与本次调查相关的药物治疗;(3)治疗依从性好,愿意配合完成此次调查,并签订知情同意书。排除标准:(1)合并有心绞痛、心肌梗死情况者;(2)合并有继发性高血压、心力衰竭情况者;(3)合并有严重的心肺、肝肾功能障碍者;(4)既往有心肌炎、心包积液、心房颤动、束支传导阻滞病史者。
1.3  方法  观察组采用氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗方案,厄贝沙坦(国药准字:J20080061,Sanofi Winthrop Industrie)0.3g口服,1次/d,苯磺酸氨氯地平(国药准字:H20020390,苏州东瑞制药有限公司)5 mg口服,1次/d。对照组A采用氨氯地平治疗方案,苯磺酸氨氯地平5 mg口服,1次/d。对照组B采用厄贝沙坦治疗方案,厄贝沙坦0.3 g口服,1次/d。3组患者均连续治疗4周为1个疗程,均治疗2个疗程后行观察指标采集并行疗效评定。
1.4  观察指标  连续治疗8周后,测定3组患者血压水平,同步记录12导联心电图测量QT间期,连续测定3个心动周期取其均值。最大的QT间期(QTmax)与最短QT间期(QTmin)的差为QTd[10]。用Bazett公式校正后得QTc,最大QTc与最短QTc的差为QTcd。
1.5  疗效评价  显效:舒张压降低至正常,或者下降幅度超过20 mmHg,空腹血糖降低幅度>2 mmol/L;有效:舒张压未降至正常,但降低幅度在10~20 mmHg,空腹血糖降低1~2 mmol/L;无效:未达上述标准。
1.6  统计学处理  采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对数据进行分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料以百分率(%)表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2  结果
2.1  3组观察指标对比  经8周的连续治疗,观察组QTcd(31.5±10.2)ms,显著低于两个对照组平均水平(P<0.05);观察组平均收缩压(SBP)(143.8±15.9)mmHg,舒张压(DBP)(89.4±11.5)mmHg,均显著低于两个对照组(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2  3组疗效对比  观察组治疗总有效率显著优于两个对照组(P<0.05)。见表2。
表1  3组观察指标对比  (x±s)
Table 1  Comparison of observation indicators of the three groups  (x±s)
组别 n QTcd(ms) SBP(mmHg) DBP(mmHg)
观察组 70 31.5±10.2 143.8±15.9 89.4±11.5
对照组A 70 38.1±11.7 149.2±14.8 93.5±13.0
对照组B 70 41.4±11.2 147.8±15.7 95.0±12.8
表2  3组疗效对比
Table 2  Comparison of the two groups of the effects
组别 n 显效 有效 无效 总有效率/%
观察组 70 31 34 5 92.9
对照组A 70 24 34 12 82.9#
对照组B 70 23 32 15 78.6
              注:与观察组相比,P#<0.05
3  讨论
        随着人们饮食结构及饮食习惯的改变,高血压、糖尿病的发病率逐年上升。高血压、糖尿病的高发病率也导致急性冠脉综合征(ACS)、短暂性脑缺血(TIA)等不良心血管事件的发生率[11-13],特别是高血压合并糖尿病患者急性心脑血管事件的发生率高,威胁其生命安全。
        长期的血压水平升高能造成心室肌肥厚,心肌肥厚可造成心室舒张功能受限,造成心肌相对缺血,引发室性心律失常,所以治疗高血压合并糖尿病患者不仅要合理控制血压水平,还应延缓心室肥厚进程[14-17]。心脏、肾等器官均是高血压患者需要保护的靶器官。氨氯地平是钙离子通道阻滞剂,降压效果确切,长期应用会代偿性刺激交感神经系统导致肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮(RASS)系统,影响肾灌注压,对肾功能造成影响[18-21]。厄贝沙坦是一类血管紧张素Ⅱ受体抑制剂,能够拮抗血管紧张素Ⅱ与其受体AT-1结合,抑制醛固酮释放及血管收缩,促进水钠排泄,降低血压[22-25]。QT间期离散度是临床电生理领域提出的新概念,是心室肌除极和复极的电活动指标,常用于评估心室肥厚程度[26-30]。研究指出,氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦可有效降低糖尿病合并高血压患者血压水平和QT间期离散期,改善左心室肥厚,提升治疗效果[31-35]。有研究报道厄贝沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗2型糖尿病合并高血压患者具有良好的疗效,有效改善血糖及血压情况,对指导临床用药具有重要意义[36-40]。亦有研究指出,厄贝沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗2型糖尿病合并高血压疗效显著,能有效改善患者收缩压及舒张压,有助于患者血糖控制[41-46]。本次研究显示,采用氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗的观察组患者不仅血压水平控制良好,且还可有效控制患者QTcd。采用氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗高血压合并糖尿病患者能显著降低其QT间期离散度,抑制心肌肥厚,改善预后,提高治疗效果。
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(收稿2017-01-10  修回2018-07-16)
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本文引用信息:胡萍.氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗糖尿病伴高血压的效果观察[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(21):2413-2417.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.21.516
Reference information:HU Ping.Effect of amlodipine combined with irbesartan in treatment of diabetes mellituswith hypertension[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2018,21(21):2413-2417.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.21.516
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