目的 探讨血浆溶血磷脂酸(LPA)及脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)患者脑卒中预警及治疗的价值。方法 选择驻马店市中心医院收治的OSAHS伴发脑卒中患者90例(Ⅰ组),OSAHS不伴脑卒中患者84例(Ⅱ组),无OSAHS的脑卒中患者98例(Ⅲ组),另选择同期健康体检者100例为对照组,所有受检者予以血浆LPA、极性相似总磷脂(AP)及Lp-PLA2水平检测,同时对脑卒中患者在症状发作后24 h内、7 d、21 d予以上述指标的检测,对Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及对照组
Lp-PLA2及LPA对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者脑卒中的预测价值
罗淞元 李小霞 王喜梅
驻马店市中心医院ICU,河南 驻马店 463000
基金项目:驻马店市科技攻关项目(编号:2016304)
作者简介:罗淞元,主治医师,Email:31357568@qq.com
【摘要】 目的 探讨血浆溶血磷脂酸(LPA)及脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)患者脑卒中预警及治疗的价值。方法 选择驻马店市中心医院收治的OSAHS伴发脑卒中患者90例(Ⅰ组),OSAHS不伴脑卒中患者84例(Ⅱ组),无OSAHS的脑卒中患者98例(Ⅲ组),另选择同期健康体检者100例为对照组,所有受检者予以血浆LPA、极性相似总磷脂(AP)及Lp-PLA2水平检测,同时对脑卒中患者在症状发作后24 h内、7 d、21 d予以上述指标的检测,对Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及对照组在首次检测的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平进行比较,同时对Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组及对照组(对照组仅比较24 h内)在24 h内、7 d、21 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平进行分析。结果 Ⅰ组及Ⅱ组首次检测的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而Ⅰ组首次检测的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组及Ⅲ组在24 h内LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组24 h内及7 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组21 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著低于24 h内、7 d(P<0.05),Ⅲ组7 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著低于24 h内(P<0.05)。结论 OSAS伴脑卒中患者血浆LPA及Lp-PLA2水平显著上升,且持续时间较长,从而提高了血小板的活化状态,增加了机体的缺氧状况及动脉粥样硬化的形成。临床可根据LPA及Lp-PLA2水平指导抗栓治疗。
【关键词】 脑卒中;阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征;脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2;血浆溶血磷脂酸;极性相似总磷脂(AP);预测
【中图分类号】 R743.3 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1673-5110(2018)09-0992-05 DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.09.248
Predictive value of lysophosphatidic acid and lipoprotein related phospholipase A2 in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
LUO Songyuan,LI Xiaoxia,WANG Ximei
Department of ICU,Central Hospital of Zhumadian,Zhumadian 463000,China
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical significance of lysophosphatidic acid and lipoprotein related phospholipase A2 in predict and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrom.Methods 90 cases of OSAHS patients with cerebral apoplexy (groupⅠ),84 cases of stroke patients without OSAHS group (group Ⅱ),98 cases of cerebral apoplexy patients without OSAHS (group Ⅲ) were chosen as the research objects,and 100 cases of healthy physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group.All subjects in plasma LPA and polarity similar total phosphatide (AP) and Lp-PLA2 level detection,at the same time,for cerebral apoplexy patients within 24h after onset of symptoms,7d and 21d to the above-mentioned indicators of detection,the group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and control group in the first detection of LPA and AP and Lp-PLA2 level comparison,at the same time,the group Ⅰ,group Ⅲ and the control group (the control group only compare within 24h) within 24h,7d and 21d of LPA and AP and Lp-PLA2 level were analyzed.Results The LPA,AP and Lp-PLA2 levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05),while the LPA,AP and Lp-PLA2 levels in the groupⅠ were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).The levels of LPA,AP and Lp-PLA2 were significantly higher in the groupⅠand group Ⅲ than in the control group (P<0.05).The LPA,AP and Lp-PLA2 levels of the groupⅠin 24h and 7d were significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.05).GroupⅠ patients 21d of LPA and AP and Lp-PLA2 level were significantly lower than within 24h,the index of the 7d level group (P<0.05),group Ⅲ 7d of LPA and AP and Lp-PLA2 level were significantly lower than the index level within 24h (P<0.05).Conclusion OSAS associated with stroke in patients with plasma LPA and Lp-PLA2 marked increase in the level,and sustained for a long time,so as to improve the platelet activation state and increase the body's oxygen,and an increase in the formation of atherosclerosis,according to LPA and Lp-PLA2 level of clinical treatment for guidance,and to extend the time of antithrombotic therapy.
【Key words】 Stroke;Obstructive sleep apnea;Lipoprotein related phospholipase A2;Plasma hemolytic phosphatidic acid;Polarity similar total phosphatide (AP);Prediction
阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)在睡眠呼吸紊乱综合征中较为常见,患者睡眠中出现呼吸道阻塞,导致打鼾、呼吸暂停、高碳酸血症及低氧血症等,并引发心脑血管疾病[1]。有文献报道,OSAHS属于脑卒中的独立危险因素,也是造成脑卒中再发的重要因素[2]。脑卒中患者睡眠紊乱的发生率>50%,其中大部分为OSAHS,OSAHS合并脑卒中的发生率也>5%[3];而OSAHS继发脑卒中对患者的健康和预后造成严重影响,而对此类患者的提前预警也成为研究的热点。血浆溶血磷脂酸(lysophosphatidic acid,LPA)和脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein related phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)是近年来被广泛关注的动脉粥样硬化和缺血性心脑血管疾病密切相关的分子家族,其在动脉粥样硬化和缺血性心脑血管疾病的启动中起到关键作用,已成为缺血性心脑血管疾病新的预警标志物[4]。本研究对OSAHS伴发脑卒中患者、OSAHS不伴脑卒中患者、无OSAHS的脑卒中患者及健康体检者的LPA及Lp-PLA2进行检测,并对检测结果进行分析。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选择驻马店市中心医院2013-02—2017-02收治的OSAHS伴发脑卒中患者90例(Ⅰ组),OSAHS不伴脑卒中患者84例(Ⅱ组),无OSAHS的脑卒中患者98例(Ⅲ组),阻塞型呼吸睡眠暂停综合征的诊断均符合中华医学会呼吸病学分会制定的《阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊断标准》[5];脑卒中的诊断符合第4届全国脑血管病会议制定的脑卒中诊断标准[6],并予以头颅CT或MRI确诊。Ⅰ组男56例,女34例,年龄44~79(53.2±8.1)岁;Ⅱ组男52例,女32例,年龄46~81(53.5±7.2)岁;Ⅲ组男60例,女38例,年龄41~82(52.9±6.7)岁。所有患者无睡眠低通气综合征及中枢型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、近期或已经治疗过的阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、恶性肿瘤及精神功能障碍,以及严重的心、肝、肾等重要器官功能障碍,检测前无饮酒及高脂饮食、外伤、发热及免疫接种史,排除妊娠及哺乳期患者。另选择同期健康体检者100例为对照组,男58例,女42例,年龄45~82(49.5±9.2)岁。所有对象性别、年龄等一般资料差异无统计意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有受检者及家属对本研究知情同意,并签署由我院伦理会制定的知情同意书。
1.2 方法 抽取清晨空腹肘静脉血4 mL,其中脑卒中患者在症状发作后24 h内、7 d、21 d采集4 mL静脉血,送入实验室采用免疫酶连吸附法检测血浆LPA及Lp-PLA2水平,LPA、极性相似总磷脂(acidic phospholipid,AP)及Lp-PLA2试剂盒由武汉明德生物科技有限公司提供,全部操作严格参照试剂盒说明书。对比Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及对照组首次检测的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平,同时对Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组及对照组(对照组仅比较24 h内)24 h内、7 d、21 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平进行分析。
1.3 统计学处理 应用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及对照组首次检测的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平比较 由表1可见,Ⅰ组及Ⅱ组首次检测的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平显著高于对照组(Ⅱ组:t=2.987、2.593、7.838;Ⅰ组:t=3.282、3.169、11.231,P<0.05),Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组(t=2.353、4.172、6.895,P<0.05)。
表1 Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及对照组首次检测的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平比较 (x±s)
组别 |
n |
LPA(μmol/L) |
AP(μmol/L) |
Lp-PLA2(μg/L) |
对照组 |
90 |
2.9±0.3 |
4.5±0.8 |
87.1±25.3 |
Ⅱ组 |
84 |
3.1±0.8 |
6.9±1.3 |
209.8±48.5 |
Ⅰ组 |
100 |
3.9±0.8 |
7.9±1.5 |
292.5±75.3 |
2.2 Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组及对照组24 h内、7 d、21 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平比较 由表2可见,Ⅰ组及Ⅲ组24 h内LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著高于对照组(Ⅲ组:t=2.756、2.432、8.566;Ⅰ组:t=3.282、3.169、11.231,P<0.05);Ⅰ组24 h内及7 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著高于Ⅲ组(24 h:t=2.353、2.278、5.226;7 d:t=2.027、2.536、7.828,P<0.05);Ⅰ组及Ⅲ组发病21 d后的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平差异无统计学意义(t=1.182、0.968、0.877,P>0.05)。Ⅰ组21 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著低于24 h内、7 d(24 h:t=3.182、4.057、13.586,7 d:t=2.533、2.827、9.586,P<0.05),Ⅲ组7 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著低于24 h内(t=2.309、2.751、7.252,P<0.05),而Ⅲ组7 d和21 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平差异无统计学意义(t=0.298、0.376、1.152,P>0.05)。
表2 Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组及对照组24 h内、7 d、21 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平比较 (x±s)
组别 |
n |
时间点 |
LPA(μmol/L) |
AP(μmol/L) |
Lp-PLA2(μg/L) |
对照组 |
90 |
24 h内 |
2.9±0.3 |
4.5±0.8 |
87.1±25.3 |
Ⅲ组 |
98 |
24 h内 |
3.4±0.4 |
6.4±1.3 |
240.6±46.8 |
|
|
7 d |
2.7±0.3 |
4.8±1.1 |
171.5±40.0 |
|
|
21 d |
2.7±0.4 |
4.6±0.9 |
89.1±23.7 |
Ⅰ组 |
100 |
24 h内 |
3.9±0.8 |
7.9±1.5 |
292.5±75.3 |
|
|
7 d |
3.2±0.7 |
6.3±1.2 |
198.8±49.7 |
|
|
21 d |
2.8±0.4 |
4.9±0.6 |
96.3±29.6 |
3 讨论
阻塞型睡眠呼吸综合征主要因上气道发生反复阻塞而造成患者高分贝、不规则的打鼾,进一步引起睡眠不足及白天嗜睡等。有文献报道,高血压、冠心病及脑卒中与阻塞型睡眠呼吸综合征的发病率有密切联系[7-10]。睡眠呼吸综合征不仅对患者的生活质量产生直接的影响,同时诱发心脑血管事件,从而对患者的生命造成一定的威胁。随着对睡眠呼吸综合征临床研究的进展,其与脑卒中的相关性逐渐成为临床关注的热点。阻塞型睡眠呼吸综合征患者因睡眠中处于缺氧状态,从而造成血管内皮细胞结构及功能发生障碍,加速动脉粥样硬化的形成,从而增加了缺血性脑卒中的发生率[11-15]。
目前,OSAHS患者发生脑卒中的机制仍未明确。本研究显示,Ⅰ组及Ⅱ组首次检测的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),说明OSAHS患者的血小板处于激活状态,结合文献[16-17]分析其原因主要为OSAHS患者能够造成血管内皮生长因子的表达和血管平滑肌发生增生性肥大,从而促进了动脉粥样硬化的发生;此外,OSAHS因长期的低摄入氧状态,引起高碳酸血症及儿茶酚胺水平上升,从而提高了血小板的活化状态[18-20]。LPA属于动脉粥样硬化斑块中最关键的活性血小板脂类,因动脉粥样硬化斑块核心脂类中LPA的浓度较高,一旦斑块纤维帽破损后,释放出LPA,加速了局部血栓的形成,从而引起一过性心脑血管事件,或直接引发脑卒中[21]。粥样硬化斑块发生破损时,局部血栓在形成的过程中又能继续产生LPA,并在此周期过程的发展中对OSAHS相关的脑卒中的发生有促进作用[22]。有文献报道,OSAHS及动脉粥样硬化能够直接损伤活性氧族,并使氧化亚氮的生物利用水平显著下降,同时促进低密度脂蛋白及泡沫细胞的形成[23-24]。磷脂裂解通常发生在脑卒中早期,在氧化损伤后被迅速释放进入血浆,较多文献表明,AP水平的上升与炎症反应及氧化应激反应存在密切联系[25-26]。因此,应针对OSAHS伴脑卒中患者改善其慢性脑缺血缺氧状态。
Lp-PLA2属于磷脂酶A2超家族的一员,由T淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞分泌产生,属于一种非钙离子依赖性酶。机体血液中约70% 的Lp-PLA2与低密度脂蛋白结合,在低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰早期,Lp-PLA2能够选择性地与氧化型磷脂酰胆碱发生作用,从而使其降解为溶血性卵磷脂及氧化型游离脂肪酸,并对内皮细胞黏附因子及和其他炎症相关因子产生刺激作用,加速单核细胞向血管内膜下聚集,并进一步转化为巨噬细胞,在吞噬脂质后转化为泡沫细胞,并加速形成粥样硬化斑块[27-28]。同时,血管内皮下及斑块中的巨噬细胞还能进一步分泌Lp-PLA2,从而加速了斑块内泡沫细胞的增多,加重了炎症反应,并导致粥样硬化斑块处于不稳定状态,在一定条件下可造成患者发生缺血性脑卒中[29-30]。本研究还显示,Ⅰ组21 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著低于24 h内、7 d(P<0.05),Ⅲ组7 d时的LPA、AP及Lp-PLA2水平均显著低于24 h内(P<0.05),说明脑卒中患者早期血小板的活化状态较高,且对LPA及Lp-PLA2分泌水平较高,特别OSAHS合并脑卒中患者表现更加明显。因此,需采取较长时间的抗血小板治疗,才能有效控制患者的临床症状。
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(收稿2017-09-10 修回2017-12-28)
本文编辑:夏保军
本文引用信息:罗淞元,李小霞,王喜梅.Lp-PLA2及LPA对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者脑卒中的预测价值[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(9):992-996.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.09.248