目的 评价磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK)在七氟烷致新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡中的作用。方法 出生7 d的健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠36只,体质量11~18 g,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(C组,n=18)和七氟烷麻醉组(S组,n=18)。C组每天同一时间吸入2 h的30%氧气;S组吸入2 h的3.4%七氟烷。2 d后处死大鼠采用Western blotting法检测活化caspase-3和p-ERK的表达。结果 与C组比较,S组活化caspase-3的表达上调,p-ERK的表达下调(P<0.05)。结论 七氟烷通过下调p-ERK的表达促进新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡。
七氟烷对新生大鼠海马caspase-3和磷酸化ERK表达的影响
吕淼淼 杨现会△
郑州大学第二附属医院麻醉科,河南郑州 450003
作者简介:吕淼淼,Email:miaomiao80904@126.com
【摘要】 目的 评价磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK)在七氟烷致新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡中的作用。方法 出生7 d的健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠36只,体质量11~18 g,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(C组,n=18)和七氟烷麻醉组(S组,n=18)。C组每天同一时间吸入2 h的30%氧气;S组吸入2 h的3.4%七氟烷。2 d后处死大鼠采用Western blotting法检测活化caspase-3和p-ERK的表达。结果 与C组比较,S组活化caspase-3的表达上调,p-ERK的表达下调(P<0.05)。结论 七氟烷通过下调p-ERK的表达促进新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡。
【关键词】 七氟烷;细胞凋亡;海马;细胞外信号调节激酶;caspase-3;SD大鼠
【中图分类号】 R-332 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1673-5110(2019)03-0233-05 DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2019.03.046
Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on expression of caspase-3 and phosphorylated ERK in neonatal rat hippocampus
LYU Miaomiao,YANG Xianhui
Department of Anesthesiology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Uni>v>ersity,Zhengzhou 450003,China
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the role of ERK signaling pathway in sevoflurane anesthesia-caused apoptosis in hippocampal neurons in neonatal rat.Methods Thirty-two pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley 36 rats,aged 7days,weighing 11-18 g,were divided into 2 groups using a random number table:control group (group C) and sevoflurane anesthesia group(group S).In group S,the rats were exposed to 3.4% sevoflurane for 2h,while in group C the rats were exposed to 30% oxygen for 2h at the same time each day.After 2days four rats in each group were sacrificed and hippocampus were removed for determination of activated caspase-3 expression and p-ERK by Western blot.Results The level of activated caspase-3 in hippocampus was significantly higher in group S than in group C (P<0.05).Compared with group C,the expression of p-ERK was down-regulated in group S (P<0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane anesthesia causes the neuronal apoptosis in neonatal rat hippocampus through down-regulating the expression of p-ERK in hippocampus.
【Key words】 Sevoflurane;Apoptosis;Hippocampus;Extracellular signal-regulated kinases;caspase-3;Sprague-Dawley rats
七氟烷因其起效迅速,苏醒快,作用时间短,为小儿临床麻醉常用药。动物实验表明,七氟烷可引起发育期大脑神经细胞凋亡,影响认知功能发育[1-4]。临床上也有七氟烷致小儿神经功能异常的报道[5]。研究表明,在神经细胞凋亡的早期,caspase信号通路被激活[6-7]。磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK)作为一种抗凋亡蛋白,可通过调节众多基因转录的表达促进抗凋亡信号传导,发挥神经保护作用。本研究拟评价p-ERK在七氟烷致新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡中的作用。
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验动物分组 出生7 d的健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠36只,体质量11~18 g,购自郑州大学实验动物中心。采用随机数字表法分为2组(n=18):对照组(C组)每天同一时间吸入30%氧气2 h/次;七氟烷组(S组)吸入3.4%七氟烷+30%氧气2 h。将S组大鼠置于密闭麻醉箱中,箱底铺钠石灰,箱两侧各有一小圆孔,一侧为排气孔,并接 S/5型麻醉气体监测仪(Ohmeda Detax,美国),监测氧气,七氟烷和二氧化碳浓度;另一侧为进气孔,接七氟烷麻醉挥发罐,输入3.4%七氟烷(雅培制药有限公司,美国)和30%氧气,S组吸入3.4%七氟烷2 h,氧流量为3 L/min,麻醉过程中塑料箱下垫加温毯,温度探头插入大鼠直肠,维持肛温37 ℃,维持大鼠自主呼吸,同时翻正反射消失。对照组只吸入30%氧气2h,流量为3 L/min。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 P(O2)、P(CO2)与血糖浓度检测:于麻醉结束后15 min,每组随机取2只大鼠,腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠30 mg/kg麻醉后立即开胸,于左心室心尖部取血100 μL,检测动脉血P(O2)、P(CO2)与血糖浓度。
1.2.2 激活型caspase-3和p-ERK检测:于麻醉结束后15 min(T1)和麻醉结束后6 h、24 h和48 h(T2-4),每组各随机取4只大鼠,麻醉处理后断头并立即冰上取新鲜海马组织,液氮速冻,然后-80 ℃冰箱保存,采用Western blotting法检测活化caspase-3和p-ERK的表达。取冻存的海马组织,匀浆,裂解后提取蛋白,采用BCA蛋白定量法测定蛋白浓度。蛋白与5x上样缓冲液混合后,37 ℃变性30 min,采用10%分离胶和5%浓缩胶SDS-PAGE电泳,转膜,激活型caspase-3抗体(1:1 000)、β-actin抗体(1:2 000,Santa Cruz公司,美国)、磷酸化ERK抗体(1:1 000,CST公司,美国)和ERK抗体(1:1 000),4 ℃孵育过夜,1:2 000二抗室温孵育2 h,TBST洗膜5 min×3次。采用ECL(Amersham公司)化学发光检测试剂盒胶片显影。
1.3 统计学处理 采用SPSS 17.0软件进行分析,正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 新生大鼠生理指标和血气分析检测 2组大鼠在实验过程中呼吸均匀,皮肤颜色未见明显变化,未见呼吸加深加快、呼吸暂停、呼吸停止等发生。2组pH值和血糖浓度均在正常范围。见表1、图1。
2.2 新生大鼠海马激活型caspase-3和磷酸化ERK表达的变化 与C组比较,S组T1和T2时海马活化caspase-3的表达上调(P<0.05),T1和T2时海马p-ERK的表达下调(P<0.05)。见表2。
3 讨论
新生儿期的大脑发育迅速,神经元增殖、分化等异常活跃,同时也是中枢神经系统的易感期,对内外环境变化非常敏感。研究表明[8-11],新生小鼠长时间吸入氟烷,可导致其神经细胞大量凋亡,成年后小鼠神经行为学检测也表现为异常。新生大鼠海马的快速发育期为出生后7 d[12-15],故本实验以此为研究对象。
所有吸入七氟烷的新生大鼠均在监护仪监测下进行,目的是排除呼吸和循环抑制对实验结果的影响,确保七氟烷是本实验的唯一变量指标。
Caspase又称半胱氨酸蛋白酶,其家族在细胞凋亡过程中起主要作用,分为不同的类型,但最终都需要激活caspase-3完成凋亡,在细胞凋亡中起着不可替代的作用[8,16-30]。本研究显示,新生大鼠吸入七氟烷后,海马区caspase-3被大量活化,神经细胞凋亡增多,提示七氟烷可能通过活化caspase-3诱发了新生大鼠神经细胞凋亡。动物实验显示[31-40],应用caspase-3抑制剂可明显减轻神经细胞损伤与脊髓损伤,观点支持本实验结果。
细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导家族成员之一。一般认为,进细胞增殖、分化与ERK信号通路密切相关。其中Ras-Raf-ERK通路是目前研究较清楚的一条信号通路[41-46]。激活的ERK参与体内诸多的生理过程,其中在神经元细胞的增殖、分化和抑制凋亡中起重要作用[47-51]。吸入七氟烷后p-ERK表达下调,凋亡神经细胞增多,提示七氟烷可能通过下调p-ERK的表达,导致新生大鼠海马神经元凋亡。因此,七氟烷致新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的机制可能与下调p-ERK表达有关。
表1 2组大鼠P(O2)、P(CO2)和血糖浓度比较 (x±s)
Table 1 Comparison of P(O2),P(CO2) and blood glucose concentrations in two groups of rats (x±s)
组别 |
血糖(mmol/L) |
pH |
P(CO2)/mmHg |
P(O2)/mmHg |
C组 |
4.7±0.5 |
7.38±0.03 |
39.5±1.50 |
104±10.01 |
S组 |
5.1±0.7 |
7.37±0.02 |
41.1±1.78 |
102±11.20 |
图1 2组P(O2)、P(CO2)和血糖浓度情况
Figure 1 P(O2), P(CO2) and blood glucose concentration in two groups
表2 2组大鼠海马活化caspase-3和p-ERK比较 (x±s)
Table 2 Comparison of activated caspase-3 and p-ERK in hippocampus of 2 groups of rats (x±s)
指标 |
组别 |
T1 |
T2 |
T3 |
T4 |
活化caspase-3 |
C组 |
0.11±0.02 |
0.13±0.01 |
0.13±0.03 |
0.10±0.04 |
|
S组 |
0.43±0.05* |
0.87±0.13* |
2.36±0.17*** |
1.12±0.08** |
p-ERK |
C组 |
0.36±0.21 |
0.68±0.32 |
1.16±0.36 |
1.32±0.41 |
|
S组 |
0.21±0.01* |
0.56±0.19 |
1.25±0.23 |
1.38±0.31 |
注:与C组比较,*P<0.05
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(收稿2019-01-15)
本文责编:夏保军
本文引用信息:吕淼淼,杨现会.七氟烷对新生大鼠海马caspase-3和磷酸化ERK表达的影响[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2019,22(3):233-237.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2019.03.046
Reference information:LYU Miaomiao,YANG Xianhui.Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on expression of caspase-3 and phosphorylated ERK in neonatal rat hippocampus[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2019,22(3):233-237.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2019.03.046