目的 探究颅内动脉瘤患者栓塞术后神经功能康复护理的干预时机。方法 选择2014-02—2015-09驻马店市第一人民医院收治的颅内动脉瘤患者86例为观察组,另取同期收治同症患者86例为对照组,均经颅内动脉瘤栓塞术治疗后,对照组仅于患者出院前进行神经功能康复训练,观察组于出院后开展延续性护理管理,分别于出院时、术后1个月、术后6个月、术后12个月评定2组临床神经功能缺损情况及2组患者的生活质量。结果 2组术后6个月、12个月CSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后6个月、术后12个月的SF-36总评分提高较为明显(P<0.05),且与对照组同时期比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 护理人员应重视颅内动脉瘤术后3个月内最佳神经功能康复时机,在此时期内,予以神经功能延续性康复指导,以进一步促进患者术后神经功能恢复,改善术后生活质量。
颅内动脉瘤患者栓塞术后神经功能康复护理的干预时机分析
娄彦玲
驻马店市第一人民医院神经外科,河南 驻马店 463000
作者简介:娄彦玲,Email:602329700@qq.com
【摘要】 目的 探究颅内动脉瘤患者栓塞术后神经功能康复护理的干预时机。方法 选择2014-02—2015-09驻马店市第一人民医院收治的颅内动脉瘤患者86例为观察组,另取同期收治同症患者86例为对照组,均经颅内动脉瘤栓塞术治疗后,对照组仅于患者出院前进行神经功能康复训练,观察组于出院后开展延续性护理管理,分别于出院时、术后1个月、术后6个月、术后12个月评定2组临床神经功能缺损情况及2组患者的生活质量。结果 2组术后6个月、12个月CSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后6个月、术后12个月的SF-36总评分提高较为明显(P<0.05),且与对照组同时期比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 护理人员应重视颅内动脉瘤术后3个月内最佳神经功能康复时机,在此时期内,予以神经功能延续性康复指导,以进一步促进患者术后神经功能恢复,改善术后生活质量。
【关键词】 颅内动脉瘤;栓塞术后;神经功能康复护理;干预时机
【中图分类号】 R473.74 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1673-5110(2019)04-0437-06 DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2019.04.132
Analysis of the intervention opportunity on rehabilitation nursing for neurological function after intracranial aneurysm embolization
LOU Yanling
Neurosurgery Department,the First People's Hospital of Zhumadian,Zhumadian 463000,China
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the intervention opportunity on rehabilitation nursing for neurological function after intracranial aneurysm embolization.Methods 86 patients with intracranial aneurysm admitted to the First People's Hospital of Zhumadian from Feb.2014 to Sep.2015 were selected as the observation group,and other 86 patients with the same disease were selected as the control group,who were given intracranial aneurysm embolization,the control group were received rehabilitation training of neurological function before discharge,while the observation group carried out continuous nursing management after discharge,The clinical neurological defects and the life quality of the patients in the two groups at discharge,after surgery for 1 month,6 months and 12 months were evaluated.Results There were statistically significant differences in CSS scores between the two groups after surgery for 6 months and 12 months(t=8.257,13.126,P<0.05).The total score of SF-36 in the observation group was significantly improved after surgery for 6 months and 12 months(P<0.05),and which had significant difference with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Nursing staff should pay attention to the best time of neurological rehabilitation within 3 months after the intracranial aneurysm operation,and give continuous rehabilitation guidance of neurological function,in order to promote the neurological function recovery and improve the life quality after the operation.
【Key words】 Intracranial aneurysm;After embolization;Neurological rehabilitation nursing;Intervention time
颅内动脉瘤是一种临床常见的脑血管疾病,是造成蛛网膜下腔出血的主要病因之一,具有临床致死率、致残率较高的特点,目前临床常采用血管内介入治疗技术治疗,且取得满意的临床疗效,但仍有很多患者术后出现不同程度的神经功能障碍。大量临床研究证实[1-2],术后开展神经功能康复训练有助于改善临床预后质量,然而目前对神经功能康复训练内容研究报道较多,但对康复护理干预时机报道相对较少,目前护理时机多为出院前,而对出院后延续性护理报道较少。为进一步满足患者需求,改善临床预后质量,促进患者术后功能恢复,提高术后生活质量,本文将对近年我院收治的86例颅内动脉瘤患者于栓塞术后开展延续性护理,并选取同期收治同症患者86例仅于住院期间行常规护理,对比不同康复干预时机对术后神经功能恢复的影响。
1 资料与方法
1.1 纳入标准 (1)符合《神经外科学(第3版)》中颅内动脉瘤的诊断标准[3];(2)经数字减影脑血管造影确诊为颅内动脉瘤;(3)均择期经颅内动脉瘤栓塞术治疗且存活出院;(4)年龄50~78岁;(5)能定期随访;(6)所有患者对本次研究知情,且签署知情同意书;(7)本研究方案经医院伦理委员会审核通过后实施。
1.2 排除标准 (1)确诊后经保守治疗者;(2)行开颅夹闭术的术后患者;(3)在院经抢救无效后死亡者;(4)合并其他恶性肿瘤者;(5)术后发生精神障碍或意识障碍者;(6)病历资料不全者。
1.3 病理剔除标准 (1)失访患者;(2)术后随访期间死亡者。
1.4 临床资料 选择2014-02—2015-09河南省驻马店市第一人民医院收治的颅内动脉瘤患者86例作为观察组,其中男46例,女40例;年龄51~78(62.5±2.8)岁;动脉瘤破裂75例,动脉瘤未破裂11例。另选取同期到院同症患者86例作为对照组,其中男44例,女42例;年龄50~75(63.7±2.9)岁;动脉瘤破裂72例,动脉瘤未破裂14例。所有患者均择期经颅内动脉瘤栓塞术治疗,且术后存活出院。2组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.5 方法 2组患者均于术后24 h生命体征平稳后,开展神经功能康复训练,如语言功能康复训练、肢体功能训练、日常细节功能康复训练、心理社交功能训练等。对照组仅于患者出院前进行神经功能康复训练,出院后未进行延续性护理,但鼓励患者及家属主动询问康复训练相关信息。观察组于出院后3个月内开展延续性护理管理,具体操作如下:(1)成立术后延续护理小组,由护理部主任、主管护师、神经外科责任护士组成,小组成员均经延续性护理培训课程培训,并通过实践考核。(2)责任护士对所负责的患者,于术后前3周采用采用电话、微信等方式进行随访,每周1次,于第4周进行第一次家访,对患者各项神经功能康复训练内容进行监督和指导,解答患者和家属提出的问题,必要时给予其提供心理支持;再于患者出院后第2个月,每间隔1~2周电话、微信随访1次,并于第2个月最后1周进行第2次家访,评估患者训练结果,其他小组成员协同责任护士对患者随访结果进行综合分析,制定并指导患者下一步康复训练内容,使患者能够得到适时、连续的护理康复指导;出院后第3个月,每间隔1~2周电话、微信随访1次,并于第3个月最后1周到院复查,评估患者术后神经功能康复质量。
1.6 观察指标 分别于出院时、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月评定2组临床神经功能缺损情况,并对比2组患者的生活质量改善情况。
1.7 评定标准 (1)参照《脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准》(简称CSS,0~45分,得分越高,神经功能缺损越严重),其中轻度0~15分,中度16~30分,重度31~45分。(2)采用生活质量评价量表-36(short form 36 questionnaire,SF-36)进行评定,由患者独立完成评定,该表包括8个维度36个问题,分别涉及总体健康、躯体疼痛、活力、生理功能、生理职能、社会功能、情感功能、精神健康。分值0~100分,得分越高提示患者的生存质量越高。
1.8 统计学分析 采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,组内不同时间点间比较采用重复测量数据方差分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 2组不同时期临床神经功能缺损情况比较 与出院时比较,2组术后3个月CSS评分均无明显改变(P>0.05);观察组术后6个月、12个月的CSS评分均低于出院时(P<0.05);对照组术后各随访阶段CSS评分略低于出院时,但比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组术后6个月CSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.257,P<0.05)。2组术后12个月的CSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(t=13.126,P<0.01)。见表1。
2.2 2组不同时期生活质量状况比较 对照组各时间段术后SF-36总评分无明显改变(P>0.05);观察组术后6个月、术后12个月的SF-36总评分提高较为明显(P<0.05),且与对照组同时期比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
表1 2组不同时间CSS评分比较 (x±s,分)
Table 1 Comparison of CSS scores at different time points in 2 groups (x±s,score)
组别 |
n |
出院时 |
术后3个月 |
术后6个月 |
术后12个月 |
F值 |
P值 |
观察组 |
86 |
22.8±3.8 |
20.0±3.5 |
16.4±3.9 |
10.0±3.4 |
12.547 |
<0.05 |
对照组 |
86 |
23.2±3.4 |
21.6±3.7 |
20.3±4.1 |
18.5±4.2 |
0.258 |
>0.05 |
t值 |
|
0.254 |
2.351 |
8.257 |
13.126 |
|
|
P值 |
|
>0.05 |
>0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.01 |
|
|
表2 2组不同时间SF-36总评分比较 (x±s,分)
Table 2 Comparison of total scores of SF-36 at different time points in 2 groups (x±s,score)
组别 |
n |
出院时 |
术后3个月 |
术后6个月 |
术后12个月 |
F值 |
P值 |
观察组 |
86 |
74.3±4.5 |
73.1±4.2 |
82.8±5.4 |
87.5±5.9 |
16.244 |
<0.05 |
对照组 |
86 |
73.2±5.2 |
74.5±3.8 |
71.4±5.3 |
70.4±5.2 |
0.197 |
>0.05 |
t值 |
|
0.158 |
2.741 |
8.052 |
12.875 |
|
|
P值 |
|
>0.05 |
>0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.01 |
|
|
3 讨论
近年来随着微导管技术和栓塞材料的不断研发,使颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗得以广泛推广,相较于开颅夹闭术能显著降低患者的致死率和致残率,但仍有患者存在不同程度的神经功能障碍,严重影响患者术后的生活质量,甚至难以独立生活[4-9]。大量临床研究证实[10-16],对颅内动脉瘤患者栓塞术后开展神经功能康复护理有助于促进神经功能恢复,改善术后生活质量。
据相关调查研究报道[16-20],对527例颅内动脉瘤性脑出血患者术后3个月进行电话随访,82.7%患侧存在不同程度的肢体功能受限等神经功能缺损症状,尤其是伴有严重血管痉挛患者,术后3这个月均难以独立生活[21-26]。分析是由于患者因疾病带来各种不适应,生活应激性较大,且出院后专科护理中断,患者及其看护家属对术后神经功能持续训练的认识不足,缺乏足够的医学知识及防护经验,使术后早期肢体神经功能暂未完全恢复,生活能力较差,而降低患者的术后生活质量,并增加家庭和社会的负担[27-31]。由此可见,颅内动脉瘤患者出院后仍需持续、科学地予以护理干预,以进一步改善术后神经功能的康复。
有研究报道[32-38],脑出血患者发病1个月内的神经功能恢复速度最快,术后3个月后的恢复速度逐渐减慢。由此可见,颅内动脉瘤术后3个月是神经功能恢复黄金时机,持续、正确的神经功能康复锻炼,有助于促进患者神经功能的恢复,并对改善术后生活质量有积极的临床价值[39-41]。延续性护理是近年来在我国新兴的护理模式,是从医院到出院后一种护理服务的延伸,目前在国外发展地较为成熟,并取得满意的护理成果[42-44]。
本研究中,对颅内动脉瘤患者栓塞术后3个月内,采用电话、家访等方式对出院患者分阶段地进行随访,有助于使护理人员更为真实的了解患者术后生活环境,及时发现问题并解决问题,为患者提供科学系统规范的康复指导,并对患者康复训练依从性进行有效地监督管理,以进一步提高患者对术后神经功能康复训练的认识和依从性[45-49];且经过小组成员评估患者随访结果,综合分析患者康复效果,以及时调整康复指导内容,使患者在黄金康复时期内,能够得到更为合理、连续地神经功能康复指导,以进一步促进术后神经功能的恢复,改善术后生活质量,使患者能够尽早回归社会[50-60]。
本文结果显示,相较于出院时,2组术后3个月的神经功能恢复无显著性改善(P>0.05),组间比较亦无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组术后6个月、术后12个月的CSS评分均低于对照组同期,且生活质量SF-36评分亦高于对照组同期(P<0.05)。结果提示,于术后3个月,对颅内动脉瘤患者开展延续性护理,有助于进一步降低CSS评分,对改善患者生活质量有重要的临床价值。
护理人员应重视颅内动脉瘤术后3个月内最佳神经功能康复时机,在此时期内,予以神经功能延续性康复指导,以进一步促进患者术后神经功能恢复,改善术后生活质量。
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(收稿2018-11-18)
本文责编:关慧
本文引用信息:娄彦玲.颅内动脉瘤患者栓塞术后神经功能康复护理的干预时机分析[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2019,22(4):437-442.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2019.04.132
Reference information:LOU Yanling.Analysis of the intervention opportunity on rehabilitation nursing for neurological function after intracranial aneurysm embolization[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2019,22(4):437-442.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2019.04.132