血清尿酸水平对急性缺血性脑卒中早期预后的影响
张 毅 郭 升 武春桃 郑志勇 张晶晶 赵文栋 苏 静
新乡医学院第一附属医院,河南新乡 453100
基金项目:河南省医学科技公关计划联合共建项目(编号2018020361,编号:2018020361)
作者简介:张毅,Email:fdaabr@163.com
【摘要】 目的 通过检测血清尿酸水平,探讨其对急性缺血性脑卒中早期预后的影响。方法 收集2016-2018年新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的急性缺血性脑卒中患者203 例,根据患者出院时的预后情况分为预后良好组(n=125)和预后不良组(n=78)。收集患者入院时的个人资料、实验室检测指标、血管相关危险因素及其他相关指标。采用独立样本t检验或卡方检验比较预后良好组与预后不良组的临床特征。单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析影响急性缺血性脑卒中早期预后的因素。结果 预后良好组与预后不良组TC、LDL、尿酸、尿素、NIHSS评分、格拉斯哥昏迷评分、住院时间、出院MRS评分比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示,发病至就诊时间(OR=1.124,95% CI:0.963~1.547,P=0.041)、尿酸(OR=4.521,95% CI:1.036~12.654,P=0.036)、NIHSS评分(OR=0.845,95% CI:0.748~3.654,P=0.003)和出院MRS评分(OR=2.015,95% CI:0.986~3.012,P=0.038)为影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者出院时预后不良的独立因素。结论 预后不良组的血尿酸水平显著高于预后良好组,血尿酸水平升高为急性缺血性脑卒中早期预后不良的危险因素。
【关键词】 急性缺血性脑卒中;血尿酸;Logistic回归模型;短期预后
【中图分类号】 R743.3 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1673-5110(2020)22-1967-06 DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2020.22.001
Effect of serum uric acid level on early prognosis of acute ischemic stroke
ZHANG Yi,GUO Sheng,WU Chuntao,ZHENG Zhiyong,ZHANG Jingjing,ZHAO Wendong,SU Jing
The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College,Xinxiang 453100,China
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of serum uric acid on the early prognosis of acute cerebral ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 203 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted in our hospital from 2016 to 2018 were collected,including 135 males and 68 females.The average age was (60.2±10.7) years.According to the prognosis of patients at discharge,they were divided into good prognosis group (n=125) and poor prognosis group (n=78 ).Collect personal data,laboratory testing indicators,vascular-related risk factors,and other relevant indicators of patients at admission.Independent sample t test or chi-square test was used to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with good prognosis and those with poor prognosis.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors affecting the early prognosis of acute cerebral ischemic stroke.Results The patients with good prognosis and those with poor prognosis had significant differences in TC,LDL,uric acid,urea,NIHSS score,Glasgow coma score,length of stay,and discharge MRS score (all P<0.05);Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the time from onset to treatment (OR=1.124,95% CI:0.963-1.547,P=0.041),uric acid (OR=4.521,95% CI:1.036-12.654,P=0.036),NIHSS The scores (OR=0.845,95% CI: 0.748-3.654,P=0.003) and discharge MRS scores (OR=2.015,95% CI:0.986-3.012,P=0.038) are factors that affect patients with acute ischemic stroke when they are discharged.Risk factors for poor prognosis.Conclusion The serum uric acid level in patients with poor prognosis is significantly higher than that in the good prognosis group.Elevated blood uric acid is a risk factor for poor prognosis in the early stage of acute ischemic stroke.
【Key words】 Acute cerebral ischemic stroke;Serum uric acid;Logistic regression model;Short-term prognosis
尿酸(uric acid,UA)是嘌呤代谢的主要终产物,为脂质过氧化的抑制剂和氧自由基的清除剂。血清UA水平升高时能产生依赖于黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的有害氧化应激,与正常UA的生理条件作用相反[1]。血清UA水平升高与高血压、肾脏疾病和心血管疾病的患病风险增加相关[2-3]。研究显示,高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia,HUA)与急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)的发展有关[4-5],由于饮食结构的改变,血清UA水平升高的人数在逐渐增加,同时并发HUA。但UA和AIS预后之间的关系尚不明确,研究显示UA水平升高是预测AIS不良预后的独立因素[6-8]。还有研究提出UA升高的AIS患者预后更好[9]。此外,UA水平和AIS的预后并没有关联[10]。研究认为,UA与AIS预后之间的关系呈U形,但UA的最佳水平仍存在争议[11-13]。CHIQUETE等[7]研究表明,UA被认为是AIS严重程度的标志物,并不能作为AIS临床结果的独立预测因素。这些有争议的结果可能是由于不同的种族、年龄、样本量、疾病的性质、调整混杂因素和其他无法控制的因素造成的。本文检测患者UA水平,进一步分析其对AIS患者预后的影响。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料 收集2016-2018年新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的AIS患者203 例,男135例,女68例,年龄(60.2±10.7)岁。所有患者诊断均符合“中国急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南2014”。排除标准:起病的具体时间不详和患有精神疾病不配合者;吸烟:连续3个月每日超过1支,高血压:收缩压≥140 mm Hg和(或)舒张压≥90 mm Hg,糖尿病:既往2次不同时间空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,或餐后2 h血糖≥11.1 mmol/L。
1.2 实验室检测指标 实验室指标包括患者入院后首次检测的尿酸、肌酶、尿素、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、随机血糖及同型半脱氨酸。抽取患者清晨空腹肘静脉血8 mL,离心收集血清。美国雅培12000检测血清同型半脱氨酸水平,肾功能、血脂等生化指标由日本日立公司LST 008全自动生化分析仪进行检测分析。
1.3 疾病相关指标 记录患者入院时的重要疾病相关指标,包括发病至就诊时间、卒中病因分型、格拉斯哥昏迷评分和美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分。格拉斯哥昏迷评分法最高分为15分,表示意识清楚,12~14分为轻度意识障碍,9~11分为中度意识障碍,8分以下为昏迷;分数越低则意识障碍越重。出院时疾病相关临床指标:住院时间、出血事件、及改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,MRS),MRS=0分:完全无症状;MRS=1 分:有症状,但无明显功能障碍,可完成日常工作和生活;MRS=2分:轻度残疾,虽不能完成病前所有活动但也不需要照料自己的日常事务;MRS=3分:中度残疾,需部分帮助,但可独立行走;MRS=4分:中重度残疾,不可独立行走,日常生活需要帮助;MRS=5分:重度残疾,卧床,二便失禁,日常生活完全依赖他人。MRS=6 分:死亡。出院时根据MRS评分将患者分为预后良好组(MRS 0~2分),预后不良组(MRS 3~6分)。
1.4 统计学方法 采用SPSS21.0统计软件,计数资料以百分比(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验;计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;采用单因素和多因素回归分析影响患者出院时预后情况的危险因素,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 出院时患者的预后情况 共收集203例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,其中125例出院时预后良好(预后良好组),78例出院时预后不良(预后不良组)。
2.2 2组临床资料比较 预后良好组与预后不良组年龄、性别、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、服用降糖药、降压药、抗血小板聚集药、心肌梗死、心房颤动、发病至就诊时间、TG、HDL、肌酐、同型半胱氨酸、大脑梗死部位、TOAST分型和出血事件比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而TC、LDL、尿酸、尿素、NIHSS评分、格拉斯哥昏迷评分、住院时间、出院MRS评分比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.3 多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响急性缺血性脑梗死出院时预后因素 将临床指标代入非条件Logistic回归模型进行分析,按照急性缺血性脑卒中患者出院时预后不良的结局进行拟合模拟,经单因素分析结果显示高血压、发病至就诊时间、LDL、尿酸、尿素、NIHSS评分、格拉斯哥昏迷评分和出院MRS评分与急性缺血性脑卒中患者出院时预后不良有关。将上述因素代入多因素回归模型分析结果显示,发病至就诊时间、尿酸、NIHSS评分和出院MRS评分为影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者出院时预后不良的危险因素。见表2。
表1 2组临床资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of clinical data of two groups of patients
临床资料 |
预后良好组(n=125) |
预后不良组(n=78) |
χ2/t值 |
P值 |
男性 |
79(63.2) |
45(57.5) |
0.613 |
0.434 |
年龄/岁 |
60.6±8.7 |
61.2±11.9 |
0.514 |
0.608 |
吸烟 |
51(40.8) |
30(38.5) |
0.11 |
0.741 |
高血压 |
77(61.6) |
52(66.7) |
0.532 |
0.466 |
糖尿病 |
36(28.8) |
25(32.1) |
0.242 |
0.623 |
降压药 |
64(51.2) |
42(53.8) |
0.135 |
0.714 |
降糖药 |
32(25.6) |
18(23.1) |
0.165 |
0.685 |
抗血小板聚集药 |
10(8.0) |
8(10.3) |
0.303 |
0.582 |
心肌梗死 |
6(4.8) |
4(5.1) |
0.011 |
0.916 |
心房颤动 |
11(8.8) |
7(9.0) |
0.002 |
0.966 |
发病至就诊时间(h) |
45.9±19.4 |
44.3±13.8 |
0.574 |
0.567 |
TC(mmol/L) |
4.2±0.8 |
4.4±1.0 |
3.142 |
0.037 |
TG(mmol/L) |
1.8±0.6 |
1.6±0.9 |
2.652 |
0.21 |
HDL(mmol/L) |
1.1±0.3 |
1.8±0.3 |
1.014 |
0.125 |
LDL(mmol/L) |
2.5±0.7 |
2.7±0.8 |
3.415 |
0.002 |
尿酸(μmol/L) |
227.1±19.4 |
268.6±50.2 |
5.341 |
0 |
尿素(μmol/L) |
4.6±1.5 |
5.7±1.6 |
4.019 |
0 |
肌酐(μmol/L) |
62.9±13.0 |
64.2±13.4 |
0.574 |
0.568 |
同型半胱氨酸(μmol/L) |
23.4±7.4 |
25.1±7.7 |
0.914 |
0.364 |
NIHSS评分(分) |
4.9±1.8 |
7.5±2.7 |
4.554 |
0 |
格拉斯哥昏迷评分(分) |
14.1±3.5 |
11.4±2.6 |
3.586 |
0.001 |
脑梗死部位 |
|
|
2.849 |
0.241 |
大脑前动脉 |
6(4.8) |
4(5.1) |
|
|
大脑中动脉 |
71(56.8) |
53(67.9) |
|
|
大脑后动脉及其他 |
48(37.4) |
21(26.9) |
|
|
TOAST分型 |
|
|
0.092 |
0.993 |
小动脉闭塞型 |
54(42.0) |
33(42.3) |
|
|
大动脉粥样硬化型 |
38(30.4) |
23(29.5) |
|
|
心源性 |
17(13.6) |
11(14.1) |
|
|
其他原因 |
16(12.8) |
11(14.1) |
|
|
住院时间(d) |
10.4±3.2 |
12.5±7.3 |
2.91 |
0.005 |
出血事件 |
2(1.6) |
5(6.4) |
3.338 |
0.068 |
出院MRS(分) |
1.3±0.5 |
3.7±0.8 |
20.951 |
0 |
表2 Logistic回归模型分析影响急性缺血性脑卒中出院时预后因素
Table 2 Logistic regression model analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke at discharge
影响因素 |
单因素分析 |
多因素分析 |
OR |
95% CI |
P |
OR |
95% CI |
P |
男性 |
1.698 |
0.954~1.026 |
0.063 |
|
|
|
年龄 |
1.021 |
0.945~1.036 |
0.524 |
|
|
|
吸烟 |
0.947 |
0.952~1.007 |
0.145 |
|
|
|
高血压 |
1.002 |
0.987~2.024 |
0.032 |
1.021 |
0.978~1.120 |
0.074 |
糖尿病 |
1.012 |
0.985~1.214 |
0.512 |
|
|
|
降压药 |
0.615 |
0.325~1.275 |
0.197 |
|
|
|
降糖药 |
1.036 |
0.965~1.041 |
0.142 |
|
|
|
抗血小板聚集药 |
0.958 |
0.874~1.074 |
0.754 |
|
|
|
心肌梗死 |
0.914 |
0.840~1.058 |
0.845 |
|
|
|
心房颤动 |
0.525 |
0.054~2.415 |
0.548 |
|
|
|
发病至就诊时间 |
1.052 |
0.947~1.328 |
0.018 |
1.124 |
0.836~1.547 |
0.041 |
TC |
0.826 |
0.632~1.025 |
0.124 |
|
|
|
TG |
1.058 |
0.914~1.265 |
0.415 |
|
|
|
HDL |
1.013 |
0.987~1.042 |
0.095 |
|
|
|
LDL |
0.985 |
0.936~1.004 |
0.047 |
0.973 |
0.952~1.045 |
0.247 |
尿酸 |
0.385 |
0.098~3.421 |
0.014 |
4.521 |
1.036~12.654 |
0.036 |
尿素 |
1.21 |
0.958~3.451 |
0.041 |
1.285 |
1.010~2.621 |
0.078 |
肌酐 |
1.021 |
0.974~1.026 |
0.132 |
|
|
|
同型半胱氨酸 |
1.024 |
0.974~1.120 |
0.214 |
|
|
|
NIHSS评分 |
0.874 |
0.472~2.541 |
0.021 |
0.845 |
0.748~3.654 |
0.003 |
格拉斯哥昏迷评分 |
0.625 |
0.412~1.017 |
0.039 |
0.985 |
0.875~1.021 |
0.103 |
脑梗死部位 |
1.074 |
0.784~1.154 |
0.341 |
|
|
|
TOAST分型 |
0.974 |
0.972~1.025 |
0.748 |
|
|
|
住院时间(d) |
1.542 |
0.745~2.256 |
0.125 |
|
|
|
出血事件 |
0.994 |
0.921~1.120 |
0.854 |
|
|
|
出院MRS(分) |
2.415 |
1.103~3.250 |
0.024 |
2.015 |
0.986~3.012 |
0.041 |
3 讨论
尿酸为一种弱有机酸,是嘌呤代谢的最终产物,1/3通过食物获得,2/3为内源性合成或核酸分解产生[14-15]。尿酸经过黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用在肝脏和小肠中分解代谢然后排出体外[16]。尿酸在血管相关疾病发生、发展中发挥双重作用。尿酸一方面可促进动脉粥样硬化和血栓的形成,诱导心脑血管疾病的发生[17-18]。另一方面,又可作为抗氧化剂清除血液中的自由基,在血管相关疾病中发挥双重作用[19]。在脑梗死面积较大的患者中血清尿酸水平的显著下降,尿酸在缺血性卒中的抗氧化反应中具有特殊作用[20]。KIMURA等[21-24]研究表明,体内尿酸促进动脉粥样硬化和炎症的发展,尿酸水平的降低导致AMPK的激活和动脉粥样硬化斑块的发展减弱,提供了降低动脉粥样硬化的尿酸疗法。血清UA浓度可作为2型糖尿病患者心血管疾病的早期标志物[25-29]。
本研究显示,预后不良组TC、LDL、尿酸、尿素、NIHSS评分明显高于预后良好组,格拉斯哥昏迷评分明显低于预后良好组,提示以上因素有可能是患者预后不良的危险因素。预后不良组入院时NIHSS评分高、格拉斯哥昏迷评分低、住院时间长及出院MRS评分高,提示预后不良组入院时的病情重,病程持续时间长,最终结局差。预后不良组入院时UA水平明显低于预后良好组,经过非条件Logistic回归分析,变量筛查后发现入院时UA水平、NIHSS评分和发病至就诊时间、出院MRS评分是影响AIS预后的主要因素。研究显示UA水平增加为AIS发病的危险因素[25,30],HUA为AIS院内不良预后的独立危险因素[31-34]。UA治疗可增强脑缺血后内皮细胞的作用,从而增加了整个神经血管单元的存活率[35-37]。UA水平增加为AIS出院时预后不良的独立危险因素,AIS的临床治疗联合降尿酸治疗可能是改善患者预后的有效方案。
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(收稿2020-04-04)
本文责编:张喜民
本文引用信息:张毅,郭升,武春桃,郑志勇,张晶晶,赵文栋,苏静.血清尿酸水平对急性缺血性脑卒中早期预后的影响[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2020,23(22):1967-1972.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2020.22.001
Reference information:ZHANG Yi,GUO Sheng,WU Chuntao,ZHENG Zhiyong,ZHANG Jingjing,ZHAO Wendong,SU Jing.Effect of serum uric acid level on early prognosis of acute ischemic stroke[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2020,23(22):1967-1972.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2020.22.001